Origin
Berkheyopsis gorterioides (Oliv. & Hiern) Thell. is commonly known as the African mountain ebony and belongs to the family of Fabaceae. It's indigenous to southern Africa, specifically found in parts of Namibia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa.Common Names
The plant goes by several common names, including African mountain ebony, wild kino tree, and wild teak.Uses
Although not commonly cultivated for its wood due to its small size, Berkheyopsis gorterioides has significant medicinal uses. Extracts from the plant have been used throughout Africa because of their astringent properties to treat wounds, stomach issues, and mouth ulcers. Its roots also contain anti-microbial compounds, which are useful in treating stomach ailments. Additionally, parts of the tree are used in traditional African ceremonies and as insects' repellent.General Appearance
Berkheyopsis gorterioides is a small tree or a shrub that can reach up to six meters in height. Its bark is dark-grey, and its leaves are pinnately compound and alternately arranged on the stems. The leaflets are variable in shape and size, oval or elliptical-shaped, with an entire margin. The flowers are small, red, and tubular-shaped, with five petals arranged in a characteristic pea-like inflorescence. The fruits are flat, glossy, and brown, resembling a discoid seed pod.Light requirements
Berkheyopsis gorterioides is a shade-loving plant and can grow well in partial to full shade conditions. Direct exposure to sunlight can lead to its stunted growth and even death. Hence, it is necessary to place the plant in such a location where it can receive filtered or diffused light.
Temperature requirements
The plant can grow in a wide range of temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C. However, it is known to prefer a moderate temperature range between 20°C to 25°C. The growth of this plant can be hampered if it subjected to hot and dry conditions for a prolonged period.
Soil requirements
Berkheyopsis gorterioides thrives well in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter and is slightly acidic in nature. The soil should be moist but not waterlogged as excessive water can lead to its roots' rotting. Ideally, the soil pH should be between 5.5 to 6.5 for optimum growth of the plant.
Cultivation methods
Berkheyopsis gorterioides (Oliv. & Hiern) Thell. is a slow-growing plant that requires a bit of extra care during cultivation. It needs to be grown in a well-draining soil mix that is slightly acidic. The plant prefers partial shade but can tolerate full sun with some protection from intense heat and strong winds. It is best to grow it in a greenhouse, conservatory, or indoors in a bright, sunny window.
Watering needs
Berkheyopsis gorterioides (Oliv. & Hiern) Thell. likes to be kept moist but not waterlogged. It is essential to water frequently during the growing season, allowing the soil to dry slightly before the next watering. During the winter months, reduce waterings to prevent root rot.
Fertilization
Regular fertilization is essential for Berkheyopsis gorterioides (Oliv. & Hiern) Thell. to thrive. Use a balanced fertilizer, diluted to half strength, every two weeks during the growing season. Reduce the frequency during the winter months.
Pruning
Pruning Berkheyopsis gorterioides (Oliv. & Hiern) Thell. is not necessary, but removing spent flowers and any dead or diseased foliage will improve its appearance. Use sterilized pruning tools to make clean cuts, and avoid cutting back too much of the plant's foliage.
Propagation methods for Berkheyopsis gorterioides
Berkheyopsis gorterioides (Oliv. & Hiern) Thell. is a perennial herb that belongs to the family Melastomataceae. It is a native plant found in the tropical rainforests of West and Central Africa. The plant has a significant economic importance as it is used in traditional medicine for its various medicinal properties.
Propagation by seeds
Berkheyopsis gorterioides can be propagated from its seeds. Once the fruits of the plant have matured, they can be collected and the seeds can be removed. The seeds should be cleaned and dried before sowing. They can be directly sown in the field or in seedbeds with fertile well-drained soil. The seeds should be covered by a layer of soil and kept moist. It takes around 2-3 weeks for the seeds to germinate and start growing.
Propagation by stem cuttings
Berkheyopsis gorterioides can also be propagated by stem cuttings. For this, select healthy stems and cut them into 10-15 cm sections. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut ends in a rooting hormone. The cuttings can be planted in a well-draining potting mix or directly in the field. Water the cuttings regularly and keep them in a shaded area. It takes about 3-4 weeks for the cuttings to root and start to grow.
Propagation by division
Berkheyopsis gorterioides can also be propagated by dividing the rhizomes. This method is best done during the plant’s dormant season. Carefully dig up the plant and separate the rhizomes. Make sure that each section has some roots and shoots. Replant the divisions in well-drained soil, water them regularly, and provide some shade. It takes around 2-3 weeks for the divisions to start growing.
These are the three main propagation methods for Berkheyopsis gorterioides. Proper care and maintenance are essential to ensure healthy growth. Once established, the plant is relatively low maintenance.
Disease Management
Berkheyopsis gorterioides is generally a hardy species with a low incidence of diseases. However, heavy rainfall and overwatering can lead to root rot. This fungal disease can be managed by ensuring adequate drainage, avoiding overwatering, and treating the soil with fungicides.
Another fungal disease that can affect Berkheyopsis gorterioides is powdery mildew, which typically appears as a white, powdery coating on the leaves. This can be treated by removing infected leaves and spraying with a fungicide.
Pest Management
Berkheyopsis gorterioides can be susceptible to attack by a variety of pests. Some common pests to watch out for include scale insects, spider mites, and mealybugs.
Scale insects can be removed by scraping them off with a soft brush or cloth. For severe cases, insecticidal soaps or neem oil can be used. Spider mites can be managed by regularly misting the leaves with water and using insecticidal soap. Mealybugs can be removed with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol or by using insecticidal soap.
Regularly inspecting the plant for signs of pests and diseases and treating them promptly can help keep Berkheyopsis gorterioides healthy and thriving.
