Origin
Becium decumbens (Gürke) A.J.Paton, also known as white breath of heaven, is a plant species belonging to the family Lamiaceae. This species is native to southern Africa and is commonly found in regions such as Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Botswana, and South Africa.
Common Names
Becium decumbens is commonly known as white breath of heaven, creeping sage, and wild basil. The plant has different vernacular names in different regions, such as umsundwe in Ndebele, insumba in Zulu, and xikobele in Tsonga.
Uses
The leaves of the Becium decumbens plant are used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments. The plant has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat coughs, colds, and sore throats. It is also used as a calming agent for anxiety and stress.
Beyond its medicinal value, Becium decumbens has ornamental qualities and is grown in gardens for its attractive white or lilac flowers. The plant is drought-resistant and has a rapid growth rate, making it a popular choice for landscaping, erosion control and soil conservation projects.
General Appearance
Becium decumbens is a low-growing perennial plant with a creeping habit. It grows up to 20 cm in height and about 60 cm in width, forming a dense groundcover. The plant has bright green leaves that are lance-shaped and aromatic when crushed. The flowers bloom from spring to early summer and are small, white or lilac, and clustered on spikes that are up to 15 cm long. The plant's overall appearance gives it a delicate and graceful look.
Light Requirements
Becium decumbens requires full sun or partial shade for optimal growth. The plant may still survive in shady conditions, but it will not thrive.
Temperature Conditions
Becium decumbens prefers warm temperatures between 20-30°C (68-86°F). The plant can tolerate mild frost, but not prolonged periods of cold temperatures.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-draining soils that are slightly acidic or neutral. Becium decumbens can grow in a variety of soil textures but prefers sandy and clayey soils. The plant is also sensitive to high levels of soil salinity and may not grow well in salty or alkaline soils.
Cultivation Methods
Becium decumbens is a hardy, woody plant that grows well in both full sun and partial shade. It can be grown in a variety of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. However, it prefers well-draining soil that is slightly acidic to neutral in pH. This plant is relatively easy to cultivate, and it doesn't require any special attention or care.
Watering Needs
Becium decumbens requires moderate watering. It prefers soil that is moist but not waterlogged. It is advisable to water your plant once or twice a week, depending on the soil type and weather conditions. During hot, dry spells, you may need to water more frequently to keep the soil from drying out. Avoid overwatering your plant, as this can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases.
Fertilization
Becium decumbens is a low-maintenance plant that doesn't require much fertilization. However, you can give your plant a boost by applying a balanced, slow-release fertilizer once or twice a year. It's best to apply fertilizer during the growing season, which is usually in spring and summer. Be sure to follow the manufacturer's instructions when applying fertilizer, as over-fertilizing can damage your plant.
Pruning
Becium decumbens is a relatively low-growing plant that doesn't require much pruning. However, you may want to trim back any dead or damaged branches to prevent them from spreading disease to the rest of the plant. You can also prune your plant to keep it looking tidy and compact. It's best to prune your plant in late winter or early spring before new growth appears. Be sure to use sharp, clean pruning shears to avoid damaging your plant.
Propagation of Becium Decumbens
Becium decumbens (Gürke) A.J.Paton can be propagated both by seed and vegetative means. The most common method of propagation is through the use of stem cuttings.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
To propagate Becium decumbens from cuttings, select a healthy stem with no signs of disease or pest infestation. Cut a 10-15 cm long stem tip, making the cut just below a node. Remove the lower leaves, leaving only two to three leaves at the top. Dip the cuttings into rooting hormone and plant them in a well-draining potting mix. Keep them in a warm, brightly lit area and mist them regularly to keep the soil moist.
Propagation by Seed
Becium decumbens can also be propagated by seed. However, this method is less commonly used as the seed germination can be slow and unpredictable. Collect the seeds from mature plants and sow them in seed trays filled with well-draining soil. Keep the trays in a shaded area and ensure the soil is moist at all times. Germination can take anywhere from two weeks to three months.
Once the seedlings have grown to a suitable size, they can be transplanted into individual pots and treated like mature Becium decumbens plants. When transplanting, handle the seedlings carefully to avoid damaging their delicate roots.
Overall, selecting the most appropriate propagation method depends on the resources available and the desired outcome of the propagation. However, with proper care, Becium decumbens can be propagated successfully through either method.
Disease Management
Becium decumbens is a hardy plant that is generally resistant to diseases. However, it can be affected by some fungal and bacterial diseases such as powdery mildew and bacterial leaf spot. Powdery mildew is characterized by the appearance of white, powdery spots on the leaves, while bacterial leaf spot results in dark, water-soaked lesions on the leaves. To manage these diseases, it is important to regularly inspect the plants for any signs of infection and remove any affected parts immediately. Additionally, using clean equipment and maintaining good air circulation can help prevent the spread of disease.
Pest Management
While Becium decumbens is generally resistant to pests, it can be affected by some common garden pests such as aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites. Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on the plant's juices, while whiteflies are tiny, moth-like insects that also feed on plant sap. Spider mites are tiny arachnids that can cause yellowing and stippling of the leaves. To manage these pests, it is important to regularly inspect the plants for any signs of infestation and remove any affected parts immediately. Additionally, using insecticidal soap or neem oil can help control the pests without harming the plant.
