Origin
Becium centrali-africanum (R.E.Fr.) Sebald is a plant species that belongs to the Lamiaceae family, found in central and eastern Africa.
Common names
It is commonly known as African wild sage, Central African becium, or in the Bemba language of Zambia, it is known as inkaka.
Appearance
The African wild sage plant is a perennial herb that can grow up to a height of 1.5 meters. The leaves are thin, grayish-green, and hairy, with a serrated edge. The flowers are small and white and grow in clusters at the end of the stems. The plant has many branches, and it grows in dense shrubs.
Uses
African wild sage is used in traditional African medicine to treat common ailments such as fever, diarrhea, and stomach upsets. The plant has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties and is also used as a natural insect repellent. African wild sage is used to flavor traditional African meals in some regions. The plant is also cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks.
Light Requirements
Becium Centrali-africanum (R.E.Fr.) Sebald prefers full sun to partial shade levels of light intensity. In natural habitats, the plant grows under canopy shades. Therefore, it can tolerate low light intensity conditions, but for optimal growth, the plant requires moderate to high light intensity. Exposing the plant to full sunlight for long durations may cause leaf scorching.
Temperature Requirements
The plant species prefers warm temperatures for growth and development. The optimum temperature range for Becium Centrali-africanum (R.E.Fr.) Sebald is between 20 to 30 degrees Celsius. The plant can survive and grow in temperature ranges as low as 5 degrees Celsius and as high as 40 degrees Celsius. High-temperature extremes cause heat stress and reduce the quality of the plant. On the other hand, low-temperature levels cause reduced growth rate and may lead to frost damage to the plant.
Soil Requirements
For optimal growth, Becium Centrali-africanum (R.E.Fr.) Sebald requires a well-drained soil. The soil PH should range between 6.0 to 7.5. Highly acidic or basic soils do not provide the correct conditions for the plant to grow. The plant can tolerate various soil types, including sandy, loamy, or clay soils. However, when grown in clay soils, it is essential to add organic matter to the soil to improve drainage and aeration. The plant requires moderate levels of soil moisture; hence it is essential to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged.
Cultivation methods for Becium centrali-africanum (R.E.Fr.) Sebald
Becium centrali-africanum (R.E.Fr.) Sebald is a fast-growing, evergreen shrub that thrives in warm, tropical climates. It is best cultivated in well-draining soil rich in organic matter. Planting the shrub in slightly acidic to neutral soil with a pH range of 6.0 -7.5 is essential for its optimal growth.
The plant can be propagated through seeds, but it is best to use cuttings. Propagation through cuttings ensures that the plant's characteristics are retained.
It is essential to space the plants out by approximately 30-50 cm to allow the plant to grow and spread evenly.
Watering needs for Becium centrali-africanum (R.E.Fr.) Sebald
The watering requirements for Becium centrali-africanum (R.E.Fr.) Sebald are minimal, especially during the rainy season. Water the plant once a week only during the dry season to prevent the soil from drying out completely. Overwatering the plant may lead to root rot and stunted growth.
Always remember to water the plant at the base and avoid splashing the leaves as this may encourage the growth of fungal diseases.
Fertilization needs for Becium centrali-africanum (R.E.Fr.) Sebald
Becium centrali-africanum (R.E.Fr.) Sebald benefits from periodic fertilization to promote healthy growth and an abundant harvest. Apply a slow-release, all-purpose fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium during the growing season. Fertilize the plant at least every two months, starting from the beginning of spring until the end of summer.
It is important to note that too much fertilizer may result in excessive leaf growth at the expense of flower and seed production.
Pruning needs for Becium centrali-africanum (R.E.Fr.) Sebald
Pruning Becium centrali-africanum (R.E.Fr.) Sebald is an essential part of maintaining the plant's health and appearance. Prune the plant during the dormant season or at the beginning of spring before the plant starts producing new growth.
Regular pruning helps the plant stay compact, encourages bushier growth, and enhances flowering. Use sharp pruning shears to cut the stem at a 45-degree angle about 0.5-1.0 cm above a leaf node, this will encourage new growth in the future.
Remove any dead, diseased, or damaged branches as soon as possible to prevent the spread of diseases.
Propagation of Becium centrali-africanum (R.E.Fr.) Sebald
Becium centrali-africanum (R.E.Fr.) Sebald can be propagated through several methods. These methods include:
Seed Propagation
The seeds of Becium centrali-africanum (R.E.Fr.) Sebald can be sowed in trays or small pots containing well-drained soil. The seeds should be covered lightly with soil, and the trays or pots should be placed in a warm and bright location. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. Germination can occur within 2-3 weeks, and the seedlings can be transplanted into larger pots when they are large enough to handle.
Division
Becium centrali-africanum (R.E.Fr.) Sebald can also be propagated through division. This method involves separating the plant into smaller sections, each with its own roots. To propagate through division, the plant should be lifted from the ground, and the roots carefully separated, ensuring that each section has enough roots to grow separately. The divided sections can then be planted in pots or directly into the ground.
Cuttings
Cuttings can also be used to propagate Becium centrali-africanum (R.E.Fr.) Sebald. The best time to take cuttings is in spring or early summer. The cuttings should be taken from non-flowering shoots and should be about 10cm long. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cuttings in rooting hormone before inserting them into a pot containing a well-draining potting mix. Keep the cuttings in a warm and bright location and water them regularly. Roots should develop within a few weeks, and the new plants can then be transplanted into larger pots or directly into the ground.
Disease and Pest Management for Becium centrali-africanum (R.E.Fr.) Sebald
Becium centrali-africanum, also known as African basil, is a perennial herb native to Africa. It is commonly grown for its medicinal properties, but it is also used as a culinary herb. To keep a healthy and aesthetically pleasing Becium centrali-africanum plantation, it is important to be aware of the common diseases and pests that affect the plant and how to manage them.
Common Diseases that affect Becium centrali-africanum
1. Powdery mildew: Powdery mildew is a common fungal disease that affects many plants, including Becium centrali-africanum. It appears as a white, powdery substance on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. To manage powdery mildew, prune infected parts and avoid overcrowding the plants. You can also apply natural fungicides such as neem oil.
2. Leaf spot: Leaf spot is a fungal disease that causes the leaves of Becium centrali-africanum to turn yellow and develop dark spots. Prune infected leaves and apply a copper-based fungicide to prevent the spread of the disease.
3. Root rot: Root rot is a soil-borne disease characterized by the rotting of the plant's roots. It is caused by waterlogged soil and can lead to stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. To manage root rot, ensure that the soil is well-draining and avoid overwatering.
Common Pests that affect Becium centrali-africanum
1. Aphids: Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that suck the sap from the leaves of plants. They can cause stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and the appearance of sticky honeydew. To manage aphids, spray the affected plants with a mixture of water and dish soap or apply natural insecticides such as neem oil.
2. Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that feed on the undersides of plant leaves, leaving them speckled and discolored. To manage spider mites, spray the affected plants with water or apply natural insecticides such as neem oil.
3. Whiteflies: Whiteflies are small, winged insects that feed on the sap of plants, causing stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. To manage whiteflies, prune infected leaves and apply natural insecticides such as neem oil.
In conclusion, by being aware of the common diseases and pests that can affect Becium centrali-africanum, you can take the necessary steps to manage and prevent them. Proper disease and pest management will ensure a healthy and productive plantation of this useful herb.
