Overview
Bauhinia volkensii Taub. is a deciduous tree belonging to the Fabaceae family. The tree is widespread in East Africa and is commonly known by its English name "orchid tree". Bauhinia volkensii Taub. is well-loved for its striking flowers and medicinal properties.
Appearance
The tree has a fairly short but wide trunk, with a height of up to 10 meters and a diameter of about 60 centimeters. The tree's branches are wide-spreading and form an almost flat crown. The tree's bark is smooth and grey. The leaves are palmately compound and are approximately 12 cm wide. The flowers are orchid-shaped with five petals and have various shades of pink, ranging from a pale blush to a dark fuchsia.
Uses
Bauhinia volkensii Taub. has several uses, both medicinal and ornamental. The tree's bark, leaves, and flowers have been used to treat numerous illnesses, including liver problems, malaria, and respiratory infections. The tree's flowers are used as a food source for both humans and animals. The seeds can be used to produce cooking oil, and the tree's wood is used to make furniture, carvings, and utensils. The tree's ornamental qualities make it a popular choice for landscaping and urban beautification projects.
Light requirements
Bauhinia volkensii Taub. requires full sunlight to thrive. It should be planted in an open space away from structures that cast shadow, as shading can hinder its growth. The plant is well-suited for tropical climates, and it needs direct sunlight to maintain its evergreen foliage and produce flowers.
Soil requirements
The plant prefers well-draining soils with high organic matter content. The soil pH should be slightly acidic to neutral, ranging from 5.5 to 7.5. Heavy clay and waterlogged soils should be avoided as they retain too much water, which can lead to root rot and other diseases. Bauhinia volkensii Taub. can tolerate sandy soils, but regular fertilization is necessary.
Temperature requirements
This plant is adapted to warm climates and requires high temperatures to thrive. Ideal temperatures for the growth of Bauhinia volkensii Taub. range from 20°C to 30°C. Though the plant can withstand occasional frosts, it should not be subjected to extended periods of cold temperatures. It is highly sensitive to frost and cannot tolerate temperatures below -2°C.
Cultivation Method
Bauhinia volkensii Taub. is a drought-tolerant plant that grows well in areas with well-drained soil and full sunlight. It is recommended to plant the seeds during the rainy season or under irrigation. The plant requires a warm climate with a temperature range of 18°C to 35°C. Regular weeding around the plant helps maintain proper growth.
Watering Needs
Although this plant is drought-tolerant, it requires regular watering during the first few months of growth. Afterward, irrigation can be reduced. However, during extended dry seasons, it is recommended to give the plant sufficient water to prevent wilting or drying out.
Fertilization
Bauhinia volkensii Taub. responds very well to organic fertilizers, such as manure. Application of nitrogen-based fertilizers can lead to poor growth and development. The fertilizer should be applied during early growth stages and under appropriate weather conditions to avoid damage to the plant.
Pruning
Bauhinia volkensii Taub. requires minimal pruning. However, it's recommended to trim off diseased or damaged parts of the plant to avoid the infections from spreading. The plant should be pruned to provide the appropriate shape and size, and this should be done during the dormant period to avoid damaging new growth.
Propagation of Bauhinia volkensii Taub.
Bauhinia volkensii Taub., commonly known as Orchard Tree, is a shrub growing up to 4-7 m tall with spreading branches, found in Africa. It is propagated mainly through seeds and cuttings.
Propagation by Seeds
Propagation by seeds is the most common method used for Bauhinia volkensii Taub. Here are the steps to follow when propagating the plant using seeds:
- Collect mature pods from the tree.
- Remove the seeds from the pods and soak them in cold water for 24 hours.
- Plant the seeds in well-draining soil at a depth of 1 cm and cover them lightly with soil.
- Water the seeds regularly and keep the soil evenly moist.
- The seeds will start to germinate within 6 to 8 weeks depending on the conditions provided
- After germination, transplant the seedlings into individual pots and leave them to grow for some time.
- Transplant the seedlings into the ground when they are approximately 10-15 cm tall.
Propagation by Cuttings
Bauhinia volkensii Taub. can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Here are the steps to follow when propagating the plant using cuttings:
- Select healthy and young cuttings of about 15-20 cm in length from the parent plant.
- Make a clean cut slightly below a node using pruning shears.
- Remove the leaves from the lower part of the cutting, leaving only one or two leaves at the tip.
- Dip the cutting in rooting hormone powder and plant it in a pot filled with well-draining soil.
- Keep the cutting in a warm and bright area, with temperatures around 20-25°C.
- Water the cutting regularly, keeping the soil moist but not waterlogged.
- After 8 to 12 weeks, the cutting will have developed roots and can be transplanted into the ground.
Both seed propagation and cutting propagation are easy and effective methods to propagate Bauhinia volkensii Taub.
Disease and Pest Management for Bauhinia volkensii Taub.
Bauhinia volkensii Taub. is a type of tree commonly known as "Butterfly tree" because of its beautiful yellow flowers. This tree variety is generally sturdy but may still be prone to several diseases and pests. Disease and pest management are crucial to maintain the health and beauty of Bauhinia volkensii Taub. Here are some common diseases and pests that affect the plant and their management options.
Diseases
Bacterial Canker: This disease is caused by bacteria and can affect the twigs and branches of the Bauhinia volkensii Taub. tree. The infected parts will show signs of discoloration. The best way to manage bacterial canker is to prune the affected branches and twigs. If the infection is widespread, the tree might require removal.
Anthracnose: This fungal disease can cause damage to the leaves and branches of Bauhinia volkensii Taub. trees. The infected leaves will develop yellow or brown spots. Avoid overhead watering to prevent the spread of the disease. Fungicide sprays can also be applied to manage anthracnose.
Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease can cause white or gray patches on the leaves and branches of Bauhinia volkensii Taub. trees. Regularly prune the affected parts and apply fungicide sprays to manage the infection.
Pests
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny insects that can cause yellow or brown spots on the leaves of the tree. They can also produce webs that cover the leaves and twigs. Regularly spraying the plants with water can help remove spider mites. Insecticidal soap or neem oil can also be used for management.
Caterpillars: These insects can eat away at the leaves, causing significant damage to the tree's aesthetic appeal. Cut off the affected parts and apply insecticide sprays to manage the infestation.
Scale Insects: Scale insects can cause discolored patches on the leaves and branches of the tree. They secrete a sticky, sugary substance, which can attract other insects like ants. Regularly applying insecticide sprays and pruning the affected parts can manage the infestation.
By following these management options, you can maintain the health and beauty of your Bauhinia volkensii Taub. and ensure that it thrives for years to come.
