Origin and Common Names
Basananthe baumii (Harms) W.J.de Wilde var. baumii, commonly known as "Baum's Golden Drops", is a small herbaceous perennial plant species belonging to the family of Acanthaceae. The plant is native to the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, including areas such as Kei Mouth, Kentani, and Bizana.
Appearance
Basananthe baumii grows up to a height of 50 centimeters, with its leaves measuring between 2-6 centimeters long and 1-2.5 centimeters wide. The plant's flowers are golden yellow in color, with an average diameter of 2 centimeters. They bloom in clusters from summer to autumn, and occasionally during winter in subtropical climates.
Uses
Basananthe baumii is primarily used as an ornamental plant in residential and commercial gardens due to its bright yellow flowers. However, it also has several medicinal properties. The plant contains various bioactive compounds such as iridoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, that have been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. In traditional African medicine, the plant is used to treat numerous ailments such as wounds, fever, and gastrointestinal disorders.
Light Requirements
Basananthe baumii (Harms) W.J.de Wilde var. baumii typically thrives in full sun. This plant is suitable for outdoor cultivation in areas with plenty of sunshine throughout the year. However, it also needs some shade protection in areas with extremely hot climates. Therefore, it is ideal to grow this plant under partial shade in such locations.
Temperature Requirements
The plant Basananthe baumii (Harms) W.J.de Wilde var. baumii is native to the subtropical and tropical regions of Africa. Therefore, it requires a warm climate to grow and thrive optimally. The minimum temperature for this plant is about 18°C (64°F), and it can tolerate maximum temperatures of up to 35°C (95°F). If grown indoors, it is important to keep the ambient temperature between 18°C and 26°C (64°F and 79°F).
Soil Requirements
The plant Basananthe baumii (Harms) W.J.de Wilde var. baumii thrives well in well-drained soils. The ideal soil for this plant is a mixture of sand and loam, with some organic matter added to it. The soil should have a pH range between 5.5 and 7.5. The plant is sensitive to water-logging, so it is important to avoid overwatering. A soil that is rich in nutrients will enhance the growth of this plant.
Cultivation Methods
Basananthe baumii (Harms) W.J.de Wilde var. baumii is a tropical plant that thrives well in warm regions with moderate humidity. The plant can adapt to different soil types and light conditions, making it easy to grow. To cultivate the plant, choose a well-draining potting mix, and fill the pot to about two-thirds of its depth. Plant the Basananthe baumii (Harms) W.J.de Wilde var. baumii in the soil and press it gently to eliminate air pockets around the roots. Place the pot in an area with bright, indirect sunlight that receives a few hours of direct sunlight daily.
Watering Needs
Basananthe baumii (Harms) W.J.de Wilde var. baumii requires moderate watering. Overwatering can cause root rot, while underwatering can lead to wilting and dehydration. To determine the watering needs of the plant, check the topsoil's moisture level by probing the soil with your finger. Water the plant when the soil feels dry to touch but not completely dry. During the growing season, it is advisable to water the plant regularly to keep the soil consistently moist. In the dormant season, reduce the frequency of watering to prevent fungal infection.
Fertilization
The Basananthe baumii (Harms) W.J.de Wilde var. baumii requires regular fertilization to thrive well. Use a balanced fertilizer with equal proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Apply the fertilizer once a month during the growing season for proper nourishment. For best results, dilute the fertilizer to half its strength. Avoid overfertilizing the plant as this can damage the delicate root system, leading to stunted growth or death.
Pruning
Basananthe baumii (Harms) W.J.de Wilde var. baumii requires occasional pruning to stimulate new growth and maintain its shape. Use clean, sharp gardening shears and cut off any yellow or wilted leaves. Prune out any tangled or damaged branches to promote air circulation and light penetration. During the growing season, you can pinch off the stem tips to encourage bushy growth. However, avoid extensive pruning as this can shock the plant, leading to stunted growth or death.
Propagation of Basananthe baumii var. baumii
Basananthe baumii var. baumii, also known as the African violet, is a popular houseplant that can be easily propagated from leaf cuttings or division.
Leaf cuttings
To propagate Basananthe baumii var. baumii from leaf cuttings, select a healthy leaf and cut it with a sharp, clean knife. Make sure that the leaf stem is intact and about 3 cm long. Dip the end of the stem in rooting hormone and plant it in moist potting soil. Cover the pot with a plastic bag or a glass jar to create a humid environment. Keep the soil moist and place the pot in a bright, indirect light. Roots should start to form in 4-6 weeks. Once the plant has established itself, it can be transplanted into a larger pot.
Division
Basananthe baumii var. baumii can also be propagated through division. Carefully remove the plant from its pot and gently separate the rootball into smaller sections. Each section should have a healthy root system and a few leaves. Plant each section in a new pot with fresh potting soil and water thoroughly. Keep the soil moist and place the pots in a bright, indirect light. The new plants should start to grow within a few weeks.
Disease Management
Basananthe baumii can be affected by various diseases that can easily be identified by the following symptoms:
- Leaf spot: This disease is identified by brown, black, or purple spots on leaves. It can be managed by removing infected leaves promptly and avoiding overhead watering.
- Powdery mildew: The disease is characterized by white, powdery growth on leaves. It can be prevented by pruning and allowing proper airflow around the plant.
- Rust: The disease creates circular rust-colored spots on leaves. It can be managed by removing infected leaves early and using fungicide.
Preventive measures such as maintaining proper hygiene, watering at the base of the plant, and applying fungicide can also help to keep the plant healthy and prevent the onset of diseases.
Pest Management
The Basananthe baumii plant can be affected by various types of pests. Here are some of the common pests that might affect the plant:
- Whitefly: This pest is almost invisible and can be detected by the tiny whiteflies on leaves. It can be managed by treating with insecticides or neem oil.
- Thrips: These pests are very tiny and are usually found on flowers. They cause damage by feeding on plant tissues. They can be managed by pruning infected tissues and using insecticides.
- Spider mites: These pests are identifiable by their webbing on leaves. They can be controlled by wiping the plant with a damp cloth or applying insecticidal soap.
Preventative measures such as regularly checking the plant for pests and using insecticidal soaps or oils can prevent an infestation from occurring.
