Overview:
Baissea multiflora A.DC. var. caudiloba Stapf is a plant that belongs to the family Apocynaceae and genus Baissea. It is a flowering plant that has several common names such as vodovodo, mbolongoulou, nkam, and tsaha. It is native to Central Africa and can commonly be found in Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, and the Central African Republic.
Appearance:
Baissea multiflora A.DC. var. caudiloba Stapf is a shrubby plant that can grow up to 1-4 meters tall. It has glossy leaves that are smooth and leathery to the touch. The leaves are arranged opposite to each other on the stem and can range from 6-15 cm long. The plant produces clusters of small, white, tubular-shaped flowers with five petals. The fruit produced is a follicle that can grow up to 10 cm long, and it contains numerous seeds.
Uses:
Baissea multiflora A.DC. var. caudiloba Stapf has several traditional medicinal uses. The roots, leaves, and bark of the plant are used to treat various ailments such as fever, diarrhea, coughs, and skin infections. The plant is also used to treat snake bites, and its leaves are applied externally to heal wounds. Additionally, the plant has been used as a purgative and to aid in childbirth. The seeds of the plant contain oil that can be used as a lubricant and as a cooking oil.
Besides its medicinal uses, Baissea multiflora A.DC. var. caudiloba Stapf has cultural significance in several African communities. The plant is used in traditional rituals, and its bark is used to make musical instruments such as drums and xylophones. The plant is also used as a natural dye to color textiles and other materials.
Although the plant has several traditional uses, its effectiveness and safety have not been scientifically verified. Therefore, caution should be exercised when using the plant for any medicinal or other purposes.
Light Requirements
Baissea multiflora A.DC. var. caudiloba Stapf grows best in full to partial sun exposure. It needs at least 4-6 hours of direct sunlight per day. However, too much direct sunlight can damage the plant. It is best to protect the plant from hot afternoon sun exposure.
Temperature Requirements
This plant species requires a warmer temperature for optimal growth. The optimal temperature range is between 18°C to 27°C. The plant can tolerate higher temperatures, but it cannot withstand temperatures below 10°C for an extended period. Therefore, it is not recommended to grow this plant in areas with freezing temperatures.
Soil Requirements
Baissea multiflora A.DC. var. caudiloba Stapf prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil should have a pH between 6.0 to 7.5. The plant species cannot tolerate waterlogged soils. Therefore, the soil should be amended with organic matter to improve drainage. The plant grows best in sandy loam or loamy soils.
Cultivation of Baissea multiflora A.DC. var. caudiloba Stapf
It is important to note that Baissea multiflora A.DC. var. caudiloba Stapf is a tropical plant that thrives best in warm and humid conditions. Therefore, it is essential to provide an environment that is suitable for its growth.
The plant can be grown either in pots or directly in the soil. When planting in pots, make sure to choose a container that has sufficient drainage holes to allow for proper drainage of excess water.
Watering Needs of Baissea multiflora A.DC. var. caudiloba Stapf
Baissea multiflora A.DC. var. caudiloba Stapf requires regular watering to keep its soil moist. However, it is important not to overwater the plant, as this can lead to root rot.
The frequency of watering will depend on various factors such as the temperature, humidity, and soil conditions. As a general rule, water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch.
Fertilization of Baissea multiflora A.DC. var. caudiloba Stapf
Regular fertilization is important to provide the plant with the necessary nutrients for healthy growth. Use a balanced fertilizer with equal proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
Apply the fertilizer once a month during the growing season, which is typically from spring to early fall. Be sure to follow the instructions on the fertilizer package carefully.
Pruning of Baissea multiflora A.DC. var. caudiloba Stapf
Pruning is essential to maintain the shape and size of the plant. It also helps to promote new growth and flowering.
When pruning, use sharp and clean tools to avoid damaging the plant. Remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches. Also, cut back any branches that are crossing or rubbing against each other.
Prune the plant after it has finished flowering, which is typically in the fall. This will allow it to grow new branches and prepare for the next growing season.
Propagation of Baissea multiflora A.DC. var. caudiloba Stapf
Baissea multiflora A.DC. var. caudiloba Stapf, commonly known as the forest apple, can be propagated by different methods.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is one of the easiest methods of propagating Baissea multiflora. The seeds should be collected from ripe fruits. Seeds should be planted in the soil mixed with sand, at a depth of 5-6 cm, with regular watering. Seeds usually germinate in about 2-3 weeks.
Cuttings Propagation
Baissea multiflora A.DC. var. caudiloba Stapf can also be propagated by stem cuttings. Cuttings should be taken from semi-hardwood stems of the plant, preferably in the morning. The lower end of the cutting should be treated with rooting hormone and planted in the soil mixed with sand. Cuttings should be kept in a shady area with regular misting until roots are formed.
Air Layering Propagation
Air layering is another method of propagating Baissea multiflora A.DC. var. caudiloba Stapf. Select a healthy branch and wrap it with moist sphagnum moss or coir. Secure the moss with plastic wrap, and wait for the roots to form. Once roots are formed, the branch can be cut off and planted in a pot.
In conclusion, Baissea multiflora A.DC. var. caudiloba Stapf can be propagated by seed, cuttings, and air layering, providing a variety of options for gardeners and nurseries to propagate this plant.
Disease and Pest Management for Baissea Multiflora A.DC. Var. Caudiloba Stapf
Baissea Multiflora A.DC. var. Caudiloba Stapf is a beautiful plant, known for its long-lasting flowering and medicinal values; however, it is susceptible to several diseases and pests. Some of the common diseases and pests that can affect this plant include:
Diseases
Root Rot: Overwatering or poor drainage can lead to root rot. To avoid this, make sure the soil is well-drained and the roots are not sitting in water. In case you notice plants leaning over or wilting, check for soggy soil or a foul smell.
Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease can cause white, powdery growth on the leaves, and stems of the plant. Improper air circulation and high humidity are the primary causes of powdery mildew. To prevent this, ensure proper air circulation around the plant and proactively remove any affected leaves.
Leaf Spot: Leaf spot features tiny black or brown spots on the leaves of the plant. It is a sign of fungal infection that occurs when the foliage is wet. Avoid overhead watering, remove all the affected leaves, and ensure there is enough space between plants to avoid infection of others.
Pests
Aphids: Aphids are common plant pests that suck out sap from the plant, ultimately leading to poor plant health. They can also cause premature leaf drop, distorted growth, and stunted plant growth. To control them, keep your plant stress-free and insect-free. If your plant is affected, you can introduce beneficial insects such as ladybugs or use insecticidal soap.
Caterpillars: Caterpillars are leaf-eating insects that can cause severe damage to your plant. They can strip the plant of its foliage if left unchecked. You can handpick them or introduce natural predators such as birds and beneficial insects. In case of heavy infestation, use organic insecticides such as BT to remove them.
Spider Mites: Spider mites are small pests that feed on the plant's sap, causing tiny yellow or white spots on the leaves. If left unchecked, spider mites can cause the plant to lose color and ultimately die. Boost your plant's overall health by providing it with enough water and nutrients. Wiping the plant with a damp cloth to remove dust can help control spider mites. If the infestation is severe, you can use insecticidal soap or oils.
Overall, keeping an eye on your plant, monitoring its health, and ensuring proper maintenance is vital to minimize any risk of these pests and diseases affecting your lovely plant.
