Overview
Baissea major (Stapf) Hiern, also known as Baissea multiflora, Baissea odorata, and Nauclea multiflora, is a plant species belonging to the Rubiaceae family. It is native to tropical Africa, including countries such as Benin, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Angola.Common Names
Baissea major is known by various common names depending on the region, including African peach, Sierra Leone peach, odour apple, and multiflowered nauclea. The plant is also referred to as bilé in some West African countries.Appearance
Baissea major is a perennial shrub or small tree that reaches a height of up to 10 meters. The plant has an erect stem, and its bark is smooth and gray-brown. The leaves of Baissea major are simple, opposite, and glossy green. They have an oval to oblong shape and measure 7 to 15 cm in length. The leaves have a prominent midrib and secondary veins that curve towards the tip. The flowers of Baissea major are creamy white and have a strong, sweet fragrance. They are arranged in dense clusters that can number up to thirty flowers each. The fruit of the plant is a drupe that measures 1 to 2 cm in diameter. When ripe, the fruit turns yellowish-orange and has a sweet, edible pulp.Uses
Baissea major has several traditional uses in African medicine. The plant's root and bark have been used to treat various ailments such as fever, headache, and stomach pain. In some West African countries, the leaves and fruit of the plant are used to make a refreshing drink. The fruit has a sweet, tangy taste and is also used in traditional culinary practices. In addition to its medicinal and culinary uses, Baissea major has ornamental value. The plant's attractive flowers and glossy leaves make it an excellent addition to gardens and parks. Due to its hardiness, the plant can survive in various soil types and prefers full sunlight. In conclusion, Baissea major is a versatile plant with many traditional uses. Its attractive appearance makes it an excellent addition to gardens or as a medicinal plant in traditional African medicine.Optimal Growth Conditions for Baissea major (Stapf) Hiern
Baiassea major (Stapf) Hiern is a small, evergreen shrub native to Southern Africa. It grows up to 1m in height and grows best in well-draining soils in warm, sunny conditions. The growth of Baissea major is influenced by various environmental factors, including light, temperature, and soil nutrients.
Light Requirements
Baissea major requires full sun to partial shade to grow properly. The shrub can grow in different lighting conditions, but it thrives best in full sun. It prefers direct sun in the morning and late afternoon and partial shade in the mid-day when the sun is strongest. If grown in partial shade, the plant tends to have smaller leaves, and if grown in full sun, the leaves become larger.
Temperature Requirements
Baissea major grows best in warm environments with moderate temperatures ranging from 20 to 30°C (68 to 86°F). The plant does not tolerate freezing temperatures and can be damaged when exposed to temperatures below 10°C (50°F). In areas with cooler temperatures, it is recommended to grow the plant in a greenhouse or indoors where the temperature can be regulated.
Soil Requirements
Baissea major grows well in well-draining soils, preferably sandy loam, and loamy soils. The soil should be rich in organic matter and have good water retention capacity. It is essential to maintain the soil's pH between 6.0 and 7.5, as an acidic or alkaline soil can be detrimental to the plant's growth. Supplementing the soil with a balanced fertilizer is recommended to ensure adequate nutrients for the plant's growth.
With these optimal growth conditions in place, Baissea major (Stapf) Hiern can thrive and provide a beautiful aesthetic to any garden or landscape.
Cultivation Methods
Baissea major (Stapf) Hiern is a tropical plant that thrives in a warm environment. Cultivate it in well-draining soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5. Plant it in a pot with sufficient drainage holes to reduce the risk of waterlogging and root rot. The best time to plant it is during spring or fall when the temperature is warm.
Watering Needs
Baissea major (Stapf) Hiern requires regular watering to remain healthy. Water it enough to keep the soil moist but not soaked. The frequency of watering depends on factors such as humidity and temperature. You can reduce watering during winter when the plant growth slows down.
Fertilization
Baissea major (Stapf) Hiern needs fertilization to encourage healthy growth. Use a balanced fertilizer with an N-P-K ratio of 10-10-10. Fertilize it every four to six weeks during the growing season. Reduce fertilization during winter when growth slows down.
Pruning
Pruning Baissea major (Stapf) Hiern is essential to keep it healthy and attractive. You can pinch off the stem tips to encourage bushy growth. Remove any damaged or discolored leaves to avoid the spread of diseases. Ensure you use sharp pruning shears to make clean cuts and reduce the risk of injury to the plant.
Propagation of Baissea Major (Stapf) Hiern
Baissea major (Stapf) Hiern is commonly known as "Wild Syringa" and belongs to the family Oleaceae. This species is native to West Africa and is a highly valued ornamental plant due to its white fragrant flowers with a citrus scent. To propagate Baissea major (Stapf) Hiern, we have several methods to choose from.
Seed Propagation
The easiest and most common method to propagate Baissea major (Stapf) Hiern is through seeds. To start, collect mature seeds from the plant during the early summer season. Clean and dry the seeds before planting. Sow the seeds in moist soil mixed with sand or vermiculite. Cover the seeds with a layer of soil, and place the container in a warm and well-lit area. Ensure the soil is kept moist during the germination process, which takes between two to four weeks. Seed propagation may result in variations in plant characteristics and may not be true to the parent plant.
Cutting Propagation
Baissea major (Stapf) Hiern can also be propagated through cutting. Take stem cuttings of 4-6 inches in length, with a pair of leaves, and remove the lower leaves. Slightly wound the lower stem area before dipping in the rooting hormone. The cutting is then placed in soil or water until the roots start to grow. Keep the cuttings in a humid and warm area and avoid direct sunlight. Water the cutting moderately and transfer it to a bigger pot or container once it has grown a few inches.
Division Propagation
Division can be done when the plant matures and has several stems or branches. Gently dig the plant from the soil and divide the roots, making sure each division has a few stems and roots. Re-pot each division in soil and make sure the soil remains moist and the plants are kept in a warm and humid area.
Propagation of Baissea major (Stapf) Hiern can be achieved effortlessly with the right method and diligent care. All the above methods can be done during the early summer season.
Disease and Pest Management for Baissea major (Stapf) Hiern
Baissea major, also known as Fadogia major, is an ornamental shrub grown for its attractive foliage, showy flowers, and medicinal properties. However, like any other plant, it is susceptible to diseases and pests that can affect its growth and health. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that might affect Baissea major and ways to manage them:
Diseases
Leaf spot disease: This disease is caused by a fungal infection and results in the appearance of circular brown or black spots on the leaves. The spots can merge and cause the leaves to wither and drop prematurely. To manage this disease, remove and destroy the infected leaves and improve air circulation around the plant. Avoid overhead watering and apply a fungicide spray containing copper or sulfur.
Root rot: This disease is caused by the soil-borne fungus Phytophthora and results in the decay of the plant's roots. The symptoms include wilting, yellowing, and stunted growth. To manage this disease, avoid overwatering and improve soil drainage. Remove and destroy the infected plants and sterilize any tools used on them. Apply a fungicide containing fosetyl-al or metalaxyl.
Pests
Aphids: These soft-bodied insects feed on the plant sap and cause the leaves to curl, distort, or yellow. They also excrete a sticky substance called honeydew that attracts ants and promotes the growth of sooty mold. To manage this pest, spray the plant with a strong jet of water to dislodge the aphids or apply an insecticidal soap or oil. Encourage natural predators like ladybugs, lacewings, and parasitic wasps to control the population.
Spider mites: These tiny arachnids feed on the plant cells and produce fine webbing that covers the leaves and twigs. The symptoms include yellowing, stippling, and leaf drop. To manage this pest, increase the humidity around the plant by misting or placing a tray of water nearby. Spray the plant with a miticide containing pyrethrins or neem oil. Avoid using broad-spectrum insecticides that can kill beneficial insects.
By practicing good cultural practices and promptly identifying and managing diseases and pests, you can keep your Baissea major plant healthy and beautiful.
