Overview of Axonopus purpusii (Mez) Chase
Axonopus purpusii, also known as Axonopus affinis, is a perennial grass found in warm regions of the Americas. This plant belongs to the Poaceae family and is commonly known by several names, including tropical carpet grass, thick mat grass, and buffalo grass.
Appearance of Axonopus purpusii
Axonopus purpusii has a creeping growth habit and can form a dense mat. The plant has a shallow root system and can grow up to 35 cm tall. The leaves are green and flat, measuring about 5-15 cm in length and 2-6 mm in width. The seedheads of Axonopus purpusii are compact and shaped like a spike.
Uses of Axonopus purpusii
Axonopus purpusii is a popular choice for lawn and turf grass due to its ability to form a thick mat and withstand heavy foot traffic. It also has good shade tolerance and can grow in a variety of soil types. Additionally, it is used for erosion control, as it has a strong root system that can hold soil in place. In some areas of South America, the grass is used for livestock grazing and forage.
Axonopus purpusii is also a popular choice for golf courses and sports fields due to its ability to withstand heavy use and recover quickly from damage. Additionally, it requires less water and fertilizer than other turf grasses, making it a more environmentally friendly option.
Conclusion
Axonopus purpusii is a versatile grass that has many practical uses. Its ability to form a dense mat, withstand heavy use, and recover quickly from damage make it an excellent choice for lawn and turf grass, erosion control, and sports fields. Its adaptability to different soil types and shade tolerance make it an ideal choice for landscaping in warm climates.
Light requirements
Axonopus purpusii requires full sun exposure to partial shade to grow well. It can't withstand full shade or heavy shade for extended periods, as it hampers its growth and development. However, it is necessary to protect the plant from intense sunlight as it causes foliage scorching, which affects overall plant performance.
Temperature requirements
The ideal temperature for Axonopus purpusii growth is between 20-30°C. It is a warm-season plant and prefers warm weather for optimum growth. The plant can't tolerate freezing temperatures as it halts growth and causes damage to foliage. The minimum temperature the plant can endure is -3°C.
Soil Requirements
Axonopus purpusii thrives best in neutral to slightly acid soils with a pH range of 5.6-7.5. It prefers well-drained sandy loam or loamy soil with high organic matter content. The soil must be kept moist but not waterlogged, as over-watering inhibits root development and restricts nutrient absorption.
Cultivation of Axonopus purpusii
When cultivating Axonopus purpusii, it is essential to keep in mind that it is a warm-season grass and requires temperatures above 60 degrees Fahrenheit to grow. The plant prefers full sun to light shade and can tolerate a wide range of soil types, but well-drained, fertile soil is ideal.
The best time to plant Axonopus purpusii is during the summer or early fall when the soil temperature is adequate. The plant can be propagated through seeds or vegetatively through stolons. If planting from seeds, they should be sown shallowly, and if vegetatively, stolons can be anchored in the soil using small pegs.
Watering Needs of Axonopus purpusii
Axonopus purpusii requires regular watering to thrive. While it can tolerate some drought, it prefers a consistently moist soil. Generally, it is recommended to water the plant deeply once or twice a week rather than frequent shallow watering.
It is necessary to avoid overwatering as it can cause root rot and diseases. Test the soil moisture level regularly to determine the best watering schedule.
Fertilization of Axonopus purpusii
Axonopus purpusii requires regular fertilization to maintain its lush green color and healthy growth. It requires nitrogen-containing fertilizers, and it is recommended to apply them during the active growing season, which is usually during the summer months.
It is crucial to follow the recommended amount of fertilizer on the label to avoid over-fertilizing, which can damage the plant.
Pruning Axonopus purpusii
Axonopus purpusii requires little pruning as it is a low-growing grass that forms a dense mat. However, it is important to occasionally mow the grass to maintain its height and density.
It is best to mow the grass when it reaches a height of 4-6 inches. During the active growing season, it is recommended to mow it once a week or every other week to maintain its growth and health.
When mowing, it is essential to use a sharp lawnmower blade and ensure that the grass is dry to avoid damaging the plant. It is also important to remove any debris or clumps of grass left behind after mowing.
Propagation Methods for Axonopus purpusii (Mez) Chase
Axonopus purpusii (Mez) Chase, commonly known as "Carpet Grass," is a warm-season grass that is often used for lawns and turf applications. The grass is native to tropical America and is primarily propagated by seed.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is the most common and easy method for propagating Axonopus purpusii. It is best to plant the seeds in the spring or summer and when the temperature remains stable between 60°F to 75°F. The seeds can be sown directly on a prepared bed and rake the soil lightly after sowing. Then, water thoroughly. The seeds should germinate within 2-4 weeks depending on the temperature and planting conditions.
The germination rate for Axonopus purpusii is typically high, so there is no need to sow the seeds too close to each other. The maturation period of the grass may vary; however, it usually takes between 6 to 8 months to mature.
Stolon Propagation
Propagation through stolon is another method in which a new plant is produced from the nodes found on the grass's stolons. This method is less common as compared to seed propagation, but it is effective for growing Axonopus purpusii in a small scale area. To propagate the plant through stolon, the stolons should be collected from the parent plant and planted into another bed. Keep the soil consistently moist and avoid damaged stolons.
The stolons will eventually root and develop into a new plant. During this process, it is essential to care for the plant, such as regular water and controlled sunlight, to ensure healthy growth and development.
Conclusion
Propagation of Axonopus purpusii can be easily done through seed propagation or stolon propagation. Both methods are effective, and the choice depends on the required area to be covered. The most common means of propagation is through seed, and it requires less maintenance and resources.
Disease Management
Axonopus purpusii (Mez) Chase is generally a healthy plant but can be susceptible to certain diseases. Here are the common diseases that might affect the plant and suggestions on how to manage them:
Fungal Diseases
Fungal diseases such as leaf spot, rust, and anthracnose are common diseases that attack Axonopus purpusii. To manage fungal diseases, it's advisable to practice proper sanitation, ensure that there is good air circulation, and avoid overhead watering. Fungicides can also be used to manage the diseases. Always follow the instructions on the fungicide label.
Bacterial Diseases
Common bacterial diseases that can affect Axonopus purpusii are bacterial leaf blight and bacterial wilt. The best way to manage bacterial diseases is to practice proper sanitation, use disease-free planting materials, and avoid wounding the plants. If the plant is already infected, remove and dispose of the affected parts. There are also copper-based bactericides that can be used to manage bacterial diseases. Always follow the instructions on the bactericide label.
Pest Management
Axonopus purpusii is susceptible to certain pests. Here are the common pests that might affect the plant and suggestions on how to manage them:
Armyworms and Cutworms
Armyworms and cutworms are common pests that attack Axonopus purpusii. These pests feed on the leaves, stems, and roots of the plant, which can lead to stunted growth. To manage armyworms and cutworms, handpicking or using insecticides can be effective. Always follow the instructions on the insecticide label.
Mites
Mites can also attack Axonopus purpusii, causing yellowing and bronzing of the leaves. To manage mites, it's advisable to practice proper sanitation and use insecticidal soap or miticides. Also, ensure that the plant is well-watered because mites thrive in dry conditions.
Scale Insects
Scale insects can cause the leaves of Axonopus purpusii to wilt and yellow. To manage scale insects, applying horticultural oil or using systemic insecticides can be effective. Always follow the instructions on the label of the product.
