Origin and Common Names
Axonopus brevipedunculatus (Gledhill) Gledhill, commonly known as carpet grass or tropical carpet grass, is a species of perennial grass native to South and Central America. It is also found in the Caribbean, Mexico, and some parts of the southern United States, including Texas and Florida.Uses
Carpet grass is often used as a lawn grass in tropical and subtropical regions, where it provides a low-maintenance alternative to other grasses that require more watering and fertilization. It is also used for erosion control and as a forage crop for livestock. In traditional medicine, the leaves of Axonopus brevipedunculatus are used to treat various ailments such as cough, fever, and malaria. The grass is also used in some places as a natural insecticide and as a source of fiber for handicrafts.General Appearance
Axonopus brevipedunculatus is a low-growing, creeping grass that can reach up to 30 cm in height. It has short, flat, and slightly hairy leaves that are about 5 cm long and 2-3 mm wide. The leaves grow alternately from the stem and are arranged in a rosette pattern. The stems are slim and cylindrical, often rooting at the nodes, and can quickly form dense mats if left to grow unchecked. The flowers of Axonopus brevipedunculatus are small, inconspicuous, and grow in flower spikes that emerge from the base of the plant. The grass produces seeds that are tiny and can easily spread via wind or water currents. Overall, the plant has a lush and dense appearance, and its leaves are bright green, making it a popular choice for lawns and landscaping.Light Requirements
Axonopus brevipedunculatus is a shade tolerant plant. It prefers partial sun to partial shade and can grow under a wide range of light conditions. It can tolerate direct sunlight for short periods, but prolonged exposure can damage the leaves.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature for Axonopus brevipedunculatus growth ranges between 20°C and 30°C. It can tolerate both high and low temperatures, but growth may slow down or stop entirely if exposed to extreme temperatures. The plant can withstand occasional frost, but prolonged cold exposure can lead to damage or death of the leaves.
Soil Requirements
Axonopus brevipedunculatus grows well in a wide range of soil types, provided the soil is moist, well-drained, and has good aeration. It prefers slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soils with a pH range of 5.5-7.5. The plant can tolerate nutrient-poor soils but grows best in nutrient-rich soils. Fertilizers can help support healthy growth.
Cultivation methods
Axonopus brevipedunculatus or carpet grass is best grown in tropical and subtropical regions with sandy soil. Avoid planting in areas with heavy clay soil or those that are waterlogged. This grass prefers full sun, but it can also grow in partially shaded areas. Sow the seeds evenly on the soil surface. Cover lightly with a thin layer of soil or mulch to prevent them from drying out.
Watering needs
Keep the newly planted seeds moist until they are established. Carpet grass should be watered regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Deep and infrequent watering is ideal. Water early in the morning or late in the evening to avoid evaporation.
Fertilization
Carpet grass requires regular fertilization to maintain its lush green appearance. Fertilize with a complete fertilizer with an equal parts ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Apply the fertilizer every two months to help keep the grass healthy and promote new growth.
Pruning
Carpet grass requires minimal pruning. However, mowing it at least once a month is essential to maintain its tidy look. Mow the grass to a height between 2 and 3 inches. Avoid cutting it too short as it may damage the grass. Also, remove weeds that might grow along with it, especially during its initial stage of growth.
Propagation of Axonopus brevipedunculatus
Axonopus brevipedunculatus is commonly known as carpet grass. It is a warm-season grass and is native to South America. Carpet grass is commonly used for lawns, sports fields, and parks. The plants propagate through different methods including:
Seed Propagation
Propagating carpet grass from seed is relatively easy and inexpensive. The seeds are available from seed suppliers in specific quantities. Sowing the seed should be done when the soil temperature ranges between 20°C and 28°C. The seeds should be sown in a prepared seedbed.
Stolon Propagation
Carpet grass can be propagated by stolons. These are above-ground stems that develop adventitious roots and give rise to new plants. One can propagate carpet grass from stolons by simply planting the runners in a prepared lawn area. It is essential to maintain adequate moisture to ensure the stolons establish and take root quickly.
Root Division Propagation
Root division propagation involves digging out a clump of grass plants, carefully dividing the roots, and planting individual plants in a prepared lawn area. This method is appropriate for propagating carpet grass where the lawn already exists, and mature plants are available. It is not suitable for establishing new lawns.
Overall, for successful propagation of carpet grass, it is vital to ensure that the environmental conditions are favorable. Adequate soil moisture, temperature, and nutrients are essential for healthy lawn establishment.
Disease Management
Axonopus brevipedunculatus is susceptible to several fungal and viral diseases, including:
- Rhizoctonia solani: This fungal disease can cause damping-off, root rot, and stunting of the plant. To manage, avoid overwatering and provide good drainage. Also, apply fungicides to the soil.
- Cercospora: This fungal disease affects the leaves, resulting in yellowing and spotting. To manage, prune the affected leaves and apply a fungicide to the plant.
- Curly Mosaic Virus: This viral disease is transmitted by aphids and presents distorted and malformed growth. To manage, remove and destroy infected plants or plant parts. Also, control aphids through the use of insecticides.
Pest Management
The following pests can affect Axonopus brevipedunculatus:
- Aphids: These small insects suck sap from the plant, causing stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. To manage, use insecticides or spray the plant with a mixture of water and dish soap.
- Cutworms: These caterpillars feed on young plants at night and damage the stem. To manage, remove them by hand or use insecticides.
- Spider Mites: These tiny pests create webs and suck sap from the plant, resulting in yellowing and wilting. To manage, use insecticides or spray the plant with water and insecticidal soap.
