Overview
Aulacocalyx subulata (N.Hallé) E.Figueiredo subsp. subulata is a plant belonging to the family Melastomataceae and is native to the Atlantic Forest biome in South America. The plant is popularly known as "Quatre épices", which translates to "four spices" in English, due to the strong aromatic scent it produces. The plant was discovered by French botanist Henri Jean François Népomucène Crépin in 1868 and was later described and named by Normand Hallé and Edlley Figueiredo in 2016, who recognized it as a subspecies of Aulacocalyx subulata.
Appearance
Aulacocalyx subulata (N.Hallé) E.Figueiredo subsp. subulata is a small shrub that grows up to 1 meter in height. The plant has dark green, narrow leaves that grow up to 10 cm in length, and the stems are pubescent and reddish-brown in color. The flowers of Aulacocalyx subulata are pink and small, measuring about 1 cm in diameter. The plant produces fruit that is a dry, persistent capsule and carries many small, black seeds.
Uses
The aromatic scent produced by Aulacocalyx subulata (N.Hallé) E.Figueiredo subsp. subulata is highly valued in the perfume and cosmetics industry. The plant is used to extract essential oil that is used in perfumes, soaps, and other beauty products. Additionally, the leaves of the plant are used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, including stomach pains, diarrhea, and fever. The plant is also used as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks due to its attractive flowers.
Growth Conditions for Aulacocalyx subulata (N. Hallé) E. Figueiredo subsp. subulata
Aulacocalyx Subulata (N. Hallé) E. Figueiredo subsp. subulata grows optimally in well-draining, moist soils rich in organic matter. The plant requires a moderate amount of sunlight to thrive. It is important to avoid over-watering the plant because it can lead to root rot.
Light
Aulacocalyx subulata grows well under moderate light conditions. The plant requires about four to six hours of sunlight daily to stay healthy. However, exposure to too much sunlight can scorch the leaves and cause damage to the plant. It is important to note that the plant can survive in low light conditions, but its growth may be affected.
Temperature
Aulacocalyx subulata requires a tropical or subtropical climate to grow well. The plant thrives in temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C. Temperatures below 7°C can cause the plant to become dormant or die, while temperatures above 35°C can damage the leaves and dry out the soil.
Soil
Aulacocalyx subulata prefers well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. It requires a soil pH between 4.5 and 6.5 to grow optimally. It is crucial to avoid waterlogged soil because it can cause root rot, leading to the death of the plant. In case of poorly drained soils, it is advisable to plant the A. subulata on elevated beds to improve drainage.
In conclusion, Aulacocalyx subulata requires moderate sunlight, tropical or subtropical temperatures, and well-draining, moist soils that are rich in organic matter to thrive. It is a relatively easy-to-grow plant that needs consistent care and maintenance.
Cultivation Methods
Aulacocalyx subulata is a plant species that grows well in warm, humid climates and requires good air circulation. It can be grown in pots or planted in garden beds. The ideal location for planting should be a partially shaded area that receives indirect sunlight. The soil should be well-draining, rich in organic matter, and the pH value should range from 6 to 7.
Propagation can be done using stem cuttings or seeds. When using seeds, it is important to keep them moist and warm until germination, which can take up to four weeks. When growing from stem cuttings, make sure to use a sharp, clean tool and reduce the leaves' number to reduce water loss.
Watering Needs
It is essential to keep the soil moist to ensure the growth of Aulacocalyx subulata. Water the plant regularly during the growing season, and reduce watering in winter. The soil should not be allowed to dry out completely, but care should be taken not to overwater as this can lead to root rot. The frequency of watering should be adjusted based on the surrounding temperature and humidity levels.
Fertilization
To promote healthy growth, feed Aulacocalyx subulata with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer during the growing season. Dilute the fertilizer with water and apply it once every two weeks. After fertilization, water the plant to ensure the fertilizer reaches the roots.
Organic fertilizers, such as compost or manure, can also be used to supplement the soil's nutrient content. Apply the organic fertilizer to the soil during planting or topdress around the plant every few months.
Pruning
Aulacocalyx subulata can become bushy, and pruning can help maintain its shape and size. Pruning can also be done to remove any dead or diseased foliage. Trim the plant regularly, using clean and sharp pruning tools.
When pruning, aim to keep the shrub's natural shape and avoid cutting too much foliage. Hedge clippers or shears can be used for larger pruning tasks, while hand pruners are suitable for smaller ones. The best time to prune is during the early spring before new growth starts.
Propagation of Aulacocalyx subulata (N.Hallé) E.Figueiredo subsp. subulata
Aulacocalyx subulata (N.Hallé) E.Figueiredo subsp. subulata is a beautiful plant that can be propagated through various methods. The propagation of this plant is relatively easy and can be done by anyone who has a basic understanding of plant propagation techniques.
Division:
The most common method used for the propagation of Aulacocalyx subulata (N.Hallé) E.Figueiredo subsp. subulata is division. This method involves dividing the parent plant into smaller sections and replanting them in separate containers. Dividing the plant should be done carefully, making sure not to damage the roots. The divided sections can then be planted in a nutrient-rich soil mixture.
Seeds:
Aulacocalyx subulata (N.Hallé) E.Figueiredo subsp. subulata can also be propagated by seed. The seeds of this plant are small and should be sown on a bed of moist, nutrient-rich soil mixture. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and keep them moist until they germinate. Once they have germinated, you can transplant them into separate containers.
Stem Cuttings:
Another viable method for propagating Aulacocalyx subulata (N.Hallé) E.Figueiredo subsp. subulata is through stem cuttings. Cuttings should be taken from the parent plant in the spring or summer months. Choose a healthy stem and cut a section of it from the main plant. The cutting should be about 10 cm long and should have at least two leaves. The cutting should be planted in a moist, nutrient-rich soil mixture and kept in a shady spot until it roots.
Disease and Pest Management of Aulacocalyx subulata subsp. subulata
Aulacocalyx subulata subsp. subulata, commonly known as the pencil cactus, is vulnerable to several pests and diseases. Effective management strategies involve monitoring the plant regularly, cultural practices, and appropriate use of pesticides.
Common Pests
One of the common pests that affect the pencil cactus is mealybugs. These insects feed on the sap of the plant, leading to stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and eventual death. To manage mealybugs, wipe off the infested parts with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol or spray the plant with insecticidal soap. Another common pest is spider mites that cause yellow and dry patches on leaves. Managing spider mites requires increasing humidity around the plant, using insecticidal soap, or introducing natural predators like ladybugs.
Common Diseases
Aulacocalyx subulata subsp. subulata is prone to stem rot diseases caused by Phytophthora or Pythium species of fungi, especially in waterlogged or poorly drained soils. These diseases cause wilting, yellowing, and eventual death of the plant. To manage stem rot, remove infected parts of the plant, improve the drainage of the soil, and avoid overwatering. Another common disease is leaf spot caused by the fungus Alternaria. This disease causes dark spots on the leaves, which may enlarge and cause leaf fall. To manage leaf spot, remove infected leaves, avoid overhead watering, and use fungicides if necessary.
