Overview
Aubrevillea platycarpa Pellegr. is a species of flowering plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is native to Africa, specifically in the Central African Republic, Cameroon, Chad, and Sudan.
Common Names
Aubrevillea platycarpa Pellegr. goes by several common names including wide-fruit Aubrevillea, broad-fruit Aubrevillea, and damba-kwara.
Appearance
Aubrevillea platycarpa Pellegr. is a shrub that grows up to 2 meters in height. The leaves are alternate and pinnately compound, with 3 to 7 leaflets that are lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate. The plant produces yellow or orange disc flowers that are clustered in heads and surrounded by several bracts. The fruit is an achene, with a diameter of 5-6 mm, that is thick and compressed, providing the plant with its unique common names.
Uses
The plant has several medicinal properties and has been used in traditional medicine across various African countries. Some tribes in Cameroon use the roots and bark of the plant to make a tonic that is believed to cure dysentery, stomach pains, and fever. The leaves are chewed or used to make tea to treat coughs and sore throats. Studies have shown that the plant contains phytochemicals with antibacterial and antioxidant properties that make it useful in the treatment of certain diseases.
Light conditions
Aubrevillea platycarpa is a sun-loving plant that thrives in bright and direct sunlight. It needs at least 6 hours of bright light to grow optimally. However, it can also tolerate partial shade, but this may lead to reduced growth and flowering.
Temperature requirements
Aubrevillea platycarpa is a heat-loving plant that prefers warm temperatures. It cannot tolerate frost and very low temperatures. The ideal temperature range for growth is between 20°C and 30°C. In colder regions, it is advisable to grow the plant in a greenhouse or indoors, where the temperatures can be regulated.
Soil requirements
The soil requirements for Aubrevillea platycarpa are well-draining and fertile soils. The plant does not tolerate waterlogged soils and may die if the soil remains waterlogged for long periods. Therefore, it is important to provide proper drainage. The pH of the soil should be between 6.5 and 7.5 for optimal growth. It is best to amend the soil with organic matter, such as compost or well-rotted manure, to improve the soil structure and add nutrients.
Cultivation
Aubrevillea platycarpa Pellegr. is a plant that thrives in a dry and warm climate, making it ideal for cultivation in arid regions. The plant prefers well-drained soil and exposure to full sunlight, although it can also tolerate partial shade. It is best grown from seeds or cuttings. When planting from seeds, it is advisable to sow the seeds during the spring season in well-drained soil and at a depth of 1-2 cm. The planting site should be prepared by adding organic matter to the soil.
Watering Needs
Aubrevillea platycarpa Pellegr. requires moderate watering. Overwatering can lead to root rot, which can be fatal for the plant. It is best to water the plant once a week during the growing season and reduce watering during the dormant period. The soil should be allowed to dry between watering cycles. A good rule of thumb is to water the plant when the top 2-3 cm of the soil is dry to the touch.
Fertilization
Aubrevillea platycarpa Pellegr. is not a heavy feeder, but it benefits from the occasional application of fertilizer. A balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is recommended, with a ratio of 10-10-10 or 5-5-5. It is best to fertilize the plant during the growing season, about once every two months. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions when applying fertilizer, and avoid over-fertilization, which can be harmful to the plant.
Pruning
Aubrevillea platycarpa Pellegr. requires minimal pruning. However, occasional pruning can help maintain the plant's shape and prevent it from becoming too leggy. It is best to prune the plant during its dormant period, which is usually during the winter season. Start by removing any dead or damaged branches, then trim back overgrown branches to maintain a desirable shape. It is important to use clean and sharp pruning tools to avoid damaging the plant.
Propagation of Aubrevillea platycarpa Pellegr.
Aubrevillea platycarpa Pellegr. is a shrub that can be propagated through various methods including:
Seed Propagation
The plant produces seeds that can be collected and sown during the growing season. The seeds should be cleaned, dried, and stored in a cool, dry place until ready for sowing. When sowing, use well-draining soil in a pot or seedling tray. Cover the seeds lightly with soil, water gently, and keep in a warm, bright spot. Germination can take up to a month, and the seedlings should be protected from excessive heat or cold.
Cuttings Propagation
Aubrevillea platycarpa Pellegr. can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Choose a healthy stem, free from pests and disease, and cut a 5-10 cm section. Remove the bottom leaves and excess branches, and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a well-draining mix of soil and sand, water lightly, and keep in a warm, bright spot. Roots should form in about 4-6 weeks, and the new plant can be potted up and grown on further.
Layering Propagation
Layering involves bending a branch of the plant and burying it in the soil to encourage the growth of roots. First, identify a low branch that can be bent towards the ground and secure it to the soil. Make a small cut in the bark, apply rooting hormone and cover with soil. Water the area well and wait for roots to form. Once the roots have established, cut the branch from the mother plant and pot up.
Disease and Pest Management for Aubrevillea platycarpa Pellegr.
Aubrevillea platycarpa Pellegr. is a plant that is commonly known for its medicinal and ornamental values. However, like all plants, it is susceptible to different pests and diseases that can affect its growth and productivity. It is, therefore, essential to implement proper disease and pest management practices to ensure that the plant thrives.
Common Diseases
Aubrevillea platycarpa Pellegr. is susceptible to different diseases, including:
- Leaf spot: This disease is characterized by circular or angular spots on the leaves, which turn yellow or brown. It is caused by fungal infection, and it can weaken the plant over time.
- Powdery mildew: This disease causes white or greyish powdery patches on the leaves, stems, and flowers. It is caused by a fungal infection and is prevalent in warm and humid conditions.
- Bacterial wilt: This disease causes wilting, yellowing, or browning of the leaves, and it is caused by bacteria in the soil. It can lead to a complete loss of the plant if not managed early.
Disease Management
To manage these diseases, it is essential to:
- Ensure good sanitation by removing and destroying any infected plant parts.
- Ensure proper plant spacing and adequate air circulation to reduce humidity, which favors the growth of fungi.
- Apply fungicides to control fungal infections.
- Plant disease-resistant cultivars.
- Use clean planting material to avoid introducing pathogens to the planting field.
Common Pests
Aubrevillea platycarpa Pellegr. is also susceptible to different pests, including:
- Aphids: These are small insects that suck the sap from the plant, causing the leaves to curl and yellow. High infestation of aphids can lead to stunted growth and weakened plants.
- Spider mites: These pests are tiny and are known for causing yellow or brown spots on leaves. They thrive in warm and dry conditions.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars can damage the plant by feeding on the leaves and flowers. It can lead to reduced yields and aesthetic damage to the plant.
Pest Management
To manage these pests, it is essential to:
- Use biological control methods, such as introducing natural predators of the pests.
- Use insecticidal soaps and oils to control insects.
- Handpick and destroy caterpillars.
- Ensure proper plant nutrition to keep the plant healthy and to prevent pest infestation.
Implementing proper disease and pest management practices in Aubrevillea platycarpa Pellegr. is essential to ensure its growth, productivity, and overall success. By monitoring the plants regularly and addressing the issues promptly, the plant can thrive and provide maximum benefits.
