Origin
Asystasia somalensis (Franch.) Lebrun & L.Touss. is a plant species from the Acanthaceae family. It originates from Somalia and Djibouti, however, its habitat ranges in the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Asia.
Common Names
Asystasia somalensis has common names such as Somali violet, purple adenostemma, and East African lablab. In Somalia, the plant is known as ‘Jiljil’ and is also called ‘Dewal’ in Djibouti.
Uses
The plant has several usages in traditional medicine, where its decoction is considered helpful in the treatment of various health conditions, like stomach ache, gonorrhea, and hypertension. The leaves of the plant are used for their antidiarrheal and antimalarial properties, while the flowers are thought to possess anxiolytic and anti-inflammatory functions. As well, in some cultures, Somali violet is believed to bring good luck.
General Appearance
Asystasia somalensis is a perennial herbaceous plant that can grow up to 30cm to 60cm in height. It has a shallow root system and strains of hairy branches that can split up from the base. The plant has ovate leaves with serrated edges, and the flowers are purple and white in color that grows in clusters at the terminal ends of the branches. It is an attractive garden plant that usually blooms in summer and produces small fruits that contain numerous seeds.
Growth Conditions of Asystasia somalensis
Light: Asystasia somalensis is a tropical plant that prefers full or partial shade. The plant can tolerate some amount of direct sunlight but too much exposure may lead to leaf burns.
Temperature: The plant can grow under a wide range of temperatures. However, it prefers warm and humid conditions with temperatures ranging between 20°C to 28°C. During winter, the plant can tolerate cooler temperatures but the temperature should not drop below 15°C.
Soil: Asystasia somalensis prefers well-drained sandy loam soil with a pH level of 6 to 7.5. The soil should be rich in organic matter and should be kept moist at all times. Waterlogging should be avoided as it can lead to root rot.
Fertilizer: The plant can benefit from regular fertilization. A slow-release organic fertilizer can be applied during the growing season to spur growth and enhance flowering. It is important not to over-fertilize as this can lead to an imbalance of nutrients in the soil that can negatively affect plant growth.
Propagation: Asystasia somalensis can be propagated from stem cuttings or by division. Cuttings should be taken from healthy plants and should be dipped in rooting hormone to increase the chances of successful rooting. Division should be done in spring, and the new plants should be kept in a well-shaded area until the new roots are established.
Cultivation
The Asystasia somalensis plant thrives in warm climates and prefers well-draining soils with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5. It can grow well in various soil types, including sandy soils, loamy soils, and clay soils. The plant can thrive in full sunlight or partially shaded areas. It requires sufficient space to grow since it can grow up to 60cm tall and spread wide.
Watering Needs
The plant requires regular watering, although it's not a water guzzler. Water the plant thoroughly but sparingly as soon as the soil dries up. Avoid waterlogging the plant since it's prone to root rot. Watering should be reduced during winter to prevent waterlogging.
Fertilization
For optimal growth and blooming, fertilize the Asystasia somalensis plant every two weeks during the growing season. Use a balanced liquid fertilizer, that is, one with equal nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium amounts. Avoid overfertilization since this can cause the plant to produce too many leaves at the expense of blooms.
Pruning
Prune the Asystasia somalensis plant to maintain its shape and encourage bushier and fuller growth. Pinch back or cut back the tips of the stems to promote bushy growth. It's advisable to prune the plant after the blooming season has ended, towards the end of winter. Remove any discolored or dead leaves or stems to prevent diseases from spreading.
Propagation of Asystasia somalensis
Asystasia somalensis (Franch.) Lebrun & L.Touss. is typically propagated by seeds or stem cuttings.
Seed propagation
The seeds of Asystasia somalensis should be harvested when they are ripe, usually after the blooming period. After the seeds are cleaned and dried, they can be sown directly in the soil. The soil mixture should be well-draining and free from pests and diseases. The flat should be placed in a warm and bright location. The seeds should germinate in approximately 14-21 days. When the seedlings develop their second pair of leaves, they can be planted in individual pots or in the outdoor garden.
Stem cutting propagation
The stem cutting method of propagation can be used for Asystasia somalensis when it is difficult to obtain seeds or when the plant is not blooming. The stem cuttings should be taken from the parent plant during the growing season. Choose a healthy and non-flowering stem that is 6 inches long. Remove the leaves from the bottom half of the stem. Dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone powder and plant it in a rooting medium. Keep it well-watered and in a humid environment. The stem cutting should root within two weeks. The rooted stem can then be transplanted into a pot or in the outdoor garden.
Disease and Pest Management for Asystasia somalensis
Asystasia somalensis is generally a hardy plant that is resistant to most diseases and insects. However, it can sometimes be affected by a few pests and diseases that can cause damage to the plant.
Common Pests
One of the most common pests that affects Asystasia somalensis is the whitefly. Whiteflies are small, winged insects that feed on the sap of the plant and can cause leaves to yellow and die. To manage whiteflies, it's helpful to regularly inspect your plant and remove any infected leaves. You can also use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control the infestation.
Another common pest is the spider mite. These tiny, red or brown mites suck the sap of the plant, causing leaves to yellow and wither. Spider mites can be managed by regular inspection and removing any infected leaves or branches. You can also use insecticidal soap or neem oil spray to control spider mites.
Common Diseases
Asystasia somalensis is not very susceptible to diseases, but it can sometimes be affected by root rot. Root rot is a fungal disease that causes the roots of the plant to rot, leading to yellowing and withering of leaves. Overwatering and poor drainage are the major causes of root rot. To manage this disease, ensure proper drainage by repotting the plant in a well-draining soil mix. Avoid overwatering and water the plant only when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch.
Another common disease that can affect Asystasia somalensis is leaf spot. This fungal disease causes small spots on the leaves, which can merge and cause the leaves to drop. To manage this disease, it's helpful to regularly inspect your plant and remove any infected leaves. You can also treat it with a fungicide spray according to the instructions on the label.
Regularly inspecting your Asystasia somalensis plant for any signs of disease or pest infestation is crucial to managing and preventing any issues. Keeping the plant healthy and well-drained, avoiding overwatering, and using appropriate fertilization can help prevent the onset of any issues that may affect your plant.
