Origin
Asplenium ×shawneense (R.C. Moran) H.E. Ballard, commonly known as Shawnee spleenwort, is a fern species that is native to the eastern United States. It is a relatively recent addition to the world of botany, having only been discovered and described in 1983. The plant is believed to be a hybrid between two other fern species, Asplenium montanum and Asplenium platyneuron.
Common Names
As mentioned, Asplenium ×shawneense is commonly known as Shawnee spleenwort due to its presence in the Shawnee State Forest in Ohio, where it was first discovered. It is also sometimes called Moran's spleenwort, after the botanist who discovered and described it.
Uses
Like many fern species, Asplenium ×shawneense is primarily ornamental in nature, prized for its attractive growth habit and unique appearance. It is sometimes cultivated by enthusiasts in specialty fern gardens or rock gardens.
General Appearance
This fern typically grows up to 30 centimeters tall and has fronds that are somewhat leathery and glossy. The fronds are compound, meaning they are made up of many smaller leaflets. The leaflets are dark green and narrowly lance-shaped, with pointed tips and finely toothed margins. Asplenium ×shawneense is deciduous, meaning it loses its leaves in the fall and grows new ones in the spring.
Light Requirements
The Asplenium ×shawneense plant typically grows best in shady to partly shady areas. Direct sunlight may damage the plant's leaves and lead to their wilting. Thus, filtered or diffused light is optimal for their healthy growth. If cultivating indoors, bright artificial light can be used to ensure they receive the ideal amount and level of light exposure.
Temperature Requirements
The Asplenium ×shawneense plant is known to be hardy, with the ability to grow in a wide range of temperatures. However, they thrive best in temperatures between 60°F to 75°F (15°C to 24°C). Temperatures that fall below this range may hinder their growth and lead to stunted development. Simultaneously, excessively high temperatures may cause heat stress and damage to the plant. Thus, it is essential to maintain moderate temperatures to ensure optimal growth for the plant.
Soil Requirements
The Asplenium ×shawneense prefers well-draining soil that is moist and rich in organic matter. The soil should be slightly acidic, with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.0. The plant can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including clay, loam, and sand, provided they are well-draining. The use of a fertilizer high in nitrogen can promote robust foliage growth and improve the overall health of the plant. However, over-fertilization can cause leaf burn and other adverse effects, so it is essential to ensure the correct application.
Cultivation of Asplenium ×shawneense
Asplenium ×shawneense is a hybrid of Asplenium platyneuron and Asplenium rhizophyllum, commonly known as Shawnee spleenwort. It is a low maintenance plant that grows best in shady and moist environments. They are ideal for growing in gardens, rock walls, or containers.
Watering Needs of Asplenium ×shawneense
Asplenium ×shawneense thrives in moist soils and requires consistent watering for proper growth. We recommend that you water the plant regularly to maintain the soil's moisture level. You should avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot. If you are unsure about the plant's watering needs, you can use a soil moisture meter to check the soil's moisture level before watering.
Fertilization of Asplenium ×shawneense
Asplenium ×shawneense does not require frequent fertilization. You can fertilize the plant during the growing season, which is usually from spring to fall. We recommend using a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer and following the instructions on the package. Over-fertilization can damage the plant, so make sure you do not exceed the recommended dosage.
Pruning of Asplenium ×shawneense
Asplenium ×shawneense does not require frequent pruning. You can remove any dead or damaged fronds to improve the plant's aesthetics. Make sure you use sanitized pruning shears to prevent the spread of diseases. You should avoid pruning healthy fronds, as this can damage the plant and affect its growth.
Propagation of Asplenium ×shawneense
Propagating Asplenium ×shawneense is easily accomplished via spores.
Spore Propagation
To propagate Asplenium ×shawneense from spores, begin by collecting the spores from the plant's fronds. Ripe spores will be brown and can be collected by cutting the fronds and placing them in a paper bag. Allow the spores to dry for a few days before sowing.
Prepare a growing medium by mixing equal parts peat moss and sand and sterilize it either in an autoclave or by placing it in an oven at 250°F for an hour. Pour your growing medium into a shallow container and water it lightly.
Sprinkle the spores on the surface of the growing medium and cover the container with plastic wrap to retain moisture. Place the container in a warm, bright spot, such as a south-facing windowsill. After a few weeks, small green ferns will appear.
Carefully transplant the young ferns to individual pots when they have developed several fronds and are large enough to handle. Move them to a shady spot and keep the soil moist. Over time, they will grow into mature plants that can be used for ornamental purposes or for research and experimentation.
Disease and Pest Management for Asplenium ×shawneense (R.C. Moran) H.E. Ballard
Asplenium ×shawneense is generally a healthy plant that is resistant to many diseases and pests. However, like any plant, it can still be affected by various issues that could significantly damage its growth and even cause death.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that might affect Asplenium ×shawneense is root rot. This typically occurs when the plant is overwatered or is grown in poorly-draining soil. Symptoms of this disease include yellowing and wilting leaves, and the eventual collapse of the plant.
Another disease that might affect the plant is leaf spot, which is a fungal infection that leaves dark spots on the foliage. This disease can cause foliage death if left untreated.
Pest Management
Asplenium ×shawneense is relatively pest-resistant. However, there are still a few insects that might attack the plant, including scale and mealybugs. These insects feed on the plant's sap and can lead to stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and even death in severe cases.
To manage pests, first, inspect the plant regularly and remove any visible insects manually. For severe infestations, use an insecticide specifically designed for scale and mealybugs. However, always follow the instructions carefully to avoid damage to the plant and surrounding environment.
Disease Management
The best way to prevent disease in Asplenium ×shawneense is to ensure that it is grown in healthy conditions. This means planting it in well-draining soil and avoiding overwatering the plant. Additionally, ensure that the plant is not overcrowded with other plants to allow for sufficient air circulation.
If you notice any signs of disease, remove the affected leaves immediately and dispose of them properly. For more severe cases, use a fungicide that is safe for ferns and follow the instructions on the label carefully.
Overall, by maintaining proper watering techniques, good air circulation, and regular maintenance, Asplenium ×shawneense can remain relatively disease and pest-free.
