Origin
Aspalathus spicata Thunb. subsp. neglecta (T.M.Salter) R.Dahlgren is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Fabaceae. It is indigenous to the Western Cape province of South Africa.
Common Names
This plant goes by several common names, including Cape Mountain Rooibos, Spicata Rooibos, and Wild Rooibos. In addition, it is sometimes also referred to as teaplant or red bush.
Uses
Aspalathus spicata Thunb. subsp. neglecta has been used for centuries as a herbal tea in South Africa due to its many health benefits. It contains high levels of antioxidants and has been found to reduce inflammation, protect against heart disease and aid digestion. It is also used in traditional medicine to treat skin conditions, allergies and diarrhea.
General Appearance
This plant is a shrub that typically grows to a height of 2-3 metres. It has needle-like leaves that are arranged in groups of three and its flowers are small and yellow. The plant blooms from August to November and has a sweet, fruity fragrance. Its roots are deep and extensive, allowing it to tolerate dry and rocky conditions.
Light Conditions
Aspalathus spicata Thunb. subsp. neglecta is a plant species that prefers full sunlight exposure to partial shade. Therefore, it should be grown in areas where it can receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day. Lack of adequate light can limit plant growth and reduce flower blooming.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is best grown in moderate temperatures ranging from 15°C to 30°C. It can tolerate slightly cooler temperatures, but young plants are susceptible to frost damage. At higher temperatures, the plant requires adequate watering to prevent drying out. Extreme temperature fluctuations can stress the plant and make it less resilient to pests and diseases.
Soil Requirements
Aspalathus spicata Thunb. subsp. neglecta thrives in well-drained soil that is slightly acidic to neutral (pH 5.5-7.0). It requires fertile soil that is rich in organic matter such as compost or well-rotted manure. Heavy clay soils should be avoided as they retain moisture, leading to root rot and stunted growth. The plant can tolerate sandy soils as long as they are well-drained.
Cultivation methods
The Aspalathus spicata Thunb. subsp. neglecta (T.M.Salter) R.Dahlgren is typically grown in sandy soil that is moderately acidic, with a pH ranging from 5.5 to 6.5. It prefers a well-draining soil and is often found growing in full sun or partial shade.
When planting, it is essential to ensure that the root ball is well-watered before placing it into the soil to prevent stress to the plant. Adding organic matter such as compost or mulch to the soil can improve its moisture-holding capacity and nutrient content.
Watering needs
Regular and consistent watering is crucial for the Aspalathus spicata Thunb. subsp. neglecta (T.M.Salter) R.Dahlgren. It is essential to keep the soil adequately moist but not waterlogged to prevent root rot. Generally, the plant should receive one to two inches of water per week, either from rain or manual watering.
Fertilization
The Aspalathus spicata Thunb. subsp. neglecta (T.M.Salter) R.Dahlgren does not require regular fertilization as it can thrive even in poor soils. If necessary, apply a balanced fertilizer in the spring after the last frost. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid overfertilization as this can cause root burns and damage the plant.
Pruning
Pruning the Aspalathus spicata Thunb. subsp. neglecta (T.M.Salter) R.Dahlgren is not usually necessary as it has a naturally bushy growth habit. However, if there are any damaged or dead branches, they should be removed promptly to prevent the spread of disease. Additionally, shearing the plant occasionally can promote bushier growth and a more uniform shape.
Propagation methods of Aspalathus spicata Thunb. subsp. neglecta (T.M.Salter) R.Dahlgren
Aspalathus spicata Thunb. subsp. neglecta (T.M.Salter) R.Dahlgren belongs to the Fabaceae family and is commonly known as Cape Aspalathus. This plant species can be propagated through several methods, including:
1. Seed propagation
Seeds are the most common method used to propagate Aspalathus spicata Thunb. subsp. neglecta. The seeds can be collected from the plant, preferably in autumn. The collected seeds can be stored in a cool, dry place and should be free from pests and diseases. The seed should be sown during spring in a well-draining soil mix. The seedlings should be watered regularly but not overwatered, and they should only be fertilized with a low-nitrogen fertilizer.
2. Cuttings propagation
Aspalathus spicata Thunb. subsp. neglecta can also be propagated through hardwood cuttings. The cuttings are preferably collected at the end of winter while the plant is still dormant. The cutting should be semi-hardwood, about 10 cm long, and with at least two nodes. The base of the cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone, then planted in a well-draining soil mix. The cutting should be kept in a warm, humid place and should not be overwatered until new growth appears.
3. Grafting propagation
Grafting can be used to propagate Aspalathus spicata Thunb. subsp. neglecta using rootstock from a closely related species in the Fabaceae family. Grafting should only be done by an experienced grafter. A scion from the desired plant should be collected during the dormant season, and the rootstock should be prepared by removing leaves and trimming the stem. The two plants should be joined and held together with grafting tape. The plants should be kept in a warm, humid place and monitored for any signs of graft failure.
Disease Management
Aspalathus spicata Thunb. subsp. neglecta (T.M.Salter) R.Dahlgren is a hardy plant species that is resistant to many diseases. However, certain diseases can affect the plant, and if they are not managed, they can cause significant damage.
One of the common diseases that affect this plant species is the root rot disease caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. The disease causes the roots to rot, and this inhibits the plant from taking up water and nutrients, leading to stunted growth and wilting of leaves. To manage the disease, it is essential to plant the species in well-drained soil and ensure that there is adequate spacing between plants for proper air circulation. Additionally, the use of fungicides can help control the spread of the disease.
Another disease that affects Aspalathus spicata Thunb. subsp. neglecta is the leaf spot disease caused by the fungus Cercospora leaf spot. Symptoms of the disease include small, circular spots on the leaves, which can coalesce to form larger patches. To manage the disease, it is essential to remove and destroy any infected plant debris, maintain proper plant hygiene, and apply a fungicide to the plant leaves.
Pest Management
Aspalathus spicata Thunb. subsp. neglecta (T.M.Salter) R.Dahlgren is also susceptible to pest infestations, which can lead to significant damage if not properly managed. Here are some common pests that affect the plant and suggestions on how to manage them:
The Red Spider mite is one of the common pests that affect the plant. The pest is tiny in size and can be difficult to detect. Symptoms of infestation include yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and a general decline in plant vigor. To manage infestations, it is essential to maintain proper plant hygiene, prune and destroy infected plant parts, or use predatory mites to control the pest.
Another pest that affects Aspalathus spicata Thunb. subsp. neglecta is the aphid. The pest pierces the plant leaves and sucks out sap, leading to yellowing of leaves, stunted growth, and wilting. To control these pests, you can use insecticidal soap or neem oil, which are effective treatments for controlling aphids. Additionally, introducing beneficial insects such as ladybirds and lacewings can help reduce pest populations.
Overall, preventing pest infestations and disease is always better than trying to manage an outbreak. Practicing proper plant hygiene, planting in well-drained soil, and maintaining proper air circulation are essential preventative measures that can help keep Aspalathus spicata Thunb. subsp. neglecta healthy and pest-free.
