Origin
Arisaema pusillum (Peck) Nash is a species of flowering plant that belongs to the Araceae family. This plant is native to eastern North America, particularly in the United States, including in states like Georgia, Tennessee, and Alabama.
Common Names
Some common names for Arisaema pusillum include Little Jack, Small Green Dragon, and Sessile-flowered Jack-in-the-Pulpit. These names all refer to the plant's distinctive visual characteristics.
Uses
Arisaema pusillum is known for its medicinal value, as it is believed to possess anti-inflammatory and toxin-binding properties. The Native Americans also used this plant for medicinal purposes. However, caution must be taken in its use as it can be toxic if consumed in large quantities. Today, this plant is typically grown in gardens and as an ornamental plant.
General Appearance
The Arisaema pusillum plant features leaves that are trifoliate and green, with an average height of six to twelve inches. The flower is typically yellow, green, or brown and has a spadix. Its spadix is hooded by an arched spathe that gives it a unique appearance. The plant grows from a corm or underground tuber, which is tiny and grows horizontally. When in bloom, this plant is visually striking, making it a great addition to any garden.
Light Requirements
Arisaema pusillum prefers a shady environment for growth. It can tolerate partial sun but direct sunlight for extended periods can damage the plant. Therefore, it should be planted under the canopy of trees with moderate to heavy shade.
Temperature Requirements
The plant grows well in temperate regions with a cool and humid climate. The ideal temperature range for Arisaema pusillum is between 20 to 25 degrees Celsius. They require a cool environment for the successful emergence of leaves and growth of the plant.
Soil Requirements
The soil should be well-drained and rich in organic matter. Arisaema pusillum prefers slightly acidic to neutral soil pH with a range of 5.5 to 7.5. These plants thrive in soil with high moisture content, so it's important to keep the soil moist during growing seasons. The addition of compost or leaf mold can also improve soil fertility and provide necessary nutrients needed for healthy plant growth.
Cultivation Methods for Arisaema Pusillum
Arisaema pusillum is a herbaceous perennial that can be grown indoors or outdoors in USDA Hardiness Zones 4 to 8. The plant prefers well-drained, loamy soil that is rich in organic matter. It can be grown in full or partial shade and needs protection from strong winds.
The plant can be propagated by dividing the tubers in the fall or early spring. When planting the tubers, make sure they are planted at a depth of 2 to 4 inches and spaced at least 6 inches apart.
Watering Needs for Arisaema Pusillum
Arisaema pusillum prefers well-draining soil that is kept evenly moist. However, the plant can be susceptible to root rot if the soil is waterlogged. Water the plant thoroughly once a week, providing enough water to saturate the soil without causing water to pool on the surface. Make sure to avoid wetting the foliage while watering the plant.
Fertilization of Arisaema Pusillum
Arisaema pusillum benefits from the application of a balanced fertilizer in the spring before new growth emerges. Use a slow-release granular fertilizer and apply it according to the package instructions. Alternatively, you can use a liquid fertilizer and apply it every two weeks during the growing season. Do not fertilize the plant in the fall, as this can encourage late-season growth that may be damaged by frost.
Pruning Arisaema Pusillum
Pruning is not necessary for Arisaema pusillum, as the plant will die back naturally in the fall. However, you can remove any yellow or brown leaves as they appear to keep the plant looking tidy. You should also remove any spent flowers to encourage the development of new blooms.
Propagation methods of Arisaema pusillum (Peck) Nash
Arisaema pusillum (Peck) Nash, commonly known as the small jack-in-the-pulpit, is a perennial plant that grows from a corm. The plant can be propagated through several methods, including:
Seed propagation
Propagation through seeds is the most common method of propagating Arisaema pusillum. The seeds should be collected from the mature fruits after they have ripened. The seeds should be sown immediately after collection in a well-draining soil mix that is kept moist at all times. The seeds should be sown at a depth that is two times their size. Germination can be slow and irregular and may take up to several months to a year.
Corm division
Arisaema pusillum can also be propagated through corm division. The corms can be dug up and divided during the dormant period, which is typically during the fall or winter. The individual corms should be replanted in a well-draining soil mix and kept moist until new growth appears.
Offset division
Offsets, or small corms that grow attached to the main corm, can also be used for propagation. The offsets should be separated from the main corm during the dormant period and replanted in a well-draining soil mix. The soil should be kept moist until new growth appears.
Overall, Arisaema pusillum is relatively easy to propagate through seed, corm division, and offset division. By using one of these methods, gardeners can quickly and easily propagate this unique and beautiful plant, adding it to their collection or garden in no time.
Disease Management for Arisaema pusillum
Several diseases can affect Arisaema pusillum plants, which can be classified as foliar or root diseases.
Foliar diseases can be caused by a fungus or bacteria and can result in leaf spots, blights, or wilts. The most common foliar diseases affecting Arisaema pusillum are:
- Anthracnose: Caused by the fungus Colletotrichum spp., this disease causes small, circular, or irregularly-shaped spots on the leaves that may enlarge and merge. The spots may have a dark border and a lighter center. Anthracnose can be managed by removing infected leaves and maintaining good air circulation around the plant.
- Bacterial leaf spots: Caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris, this disease produces small, water-soaked spots that eventually turn brown and may have a yellow halo. Bacterial leaf spots can be managed by removing infected leaves, avoiding overhead watering, and applying copper-based fungicides.
Root diseases can be caused by fungi, bacteria, or nematodes and can affect the roots and underground parts of the Arisaema pusillum plant. The most common root diseases affecting Arisaema pusillum are:
- Root rot: Caused by the fungi Pythium spp. and Phytophthora spp., this disease can cause the roots to rot and eventually kill the plant. To manage root rot, avoid overwatering the plant, improve soil drainage, and apply fungicides.
- Crown rot: Caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani, this disease affects the base of the stem and can cause the plant to wilt and die. To manage crown rot, remove infected plant material, improve soil drainage, and apply fungicides.
Pest Management for Arisaema pusillum
Several pests can attack Arisaema pusillum plants. Some of the most common pests include:
- Spider mites: These tiny pests can cause damage to the leaves and cause them to turn yellow and dry out. To manage spider mites, use insecticidal soap or neem oil, and improve air circulation around the plant.
- Slugs and snails: These pests can eat holes in the leaves and stems of the plant. To manage slugs and snails, remove them by hand or apply a slug and snail bait that contains iron phosphate.
- Thrips: These pests can cause damage to the leaves and flowers, making them appear deformed and discolored. To manage thrips, use an insecticidal soap or neem oil, and improve air circulation around the plant.
Regular monitoring of the Arisaema pusillum plant and prompt action when signs of disease or pest infestation are noticed can help to prevent significant damage to the plant and ensure its healthy growth.
