Overview of Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) Schott subsp. flavum
Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) Schott subsp. flavum is a perennial herbaceous plant that belongs to the family of Araceae. This plant is native to India, Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan, and is known for its striking appearance and unique structure.
Common names
Arisaema flavum is commonly known as the yellow cobra lily, golden jack-in-the-pulpit, or yellow arum. These names are a result of the distinctive shape and color of the plant's inflorescence.
Appearance
Arisaema flavum typically grows up to a height of 60 cm and has a single, palmately compound leaf atop of its stem. The leaflets are linear-lanceolate and have a glossy shine. The plant's inflorescence is a spadix, which is surrounded by a spathe. The spathe is yellowish-green and has a hood-like structure at the top, resembling a cobra's head. The inflorescence is unisexual, with male flowers located below the female ones. The fruits are berries having 1 to 6 seeds each.
Uses of Arisaema flavum
In traditional medicine, various parts of the plant are used for treating ailments such as fever, cough, sore throat, and rheumatism. The plant is also used in some cultures as an aphrodisiac. Due to its unique appearance, Arisaema flavum is a popular ornamental plant and is cultivated in botanical gardens and private gardens around the world for its exotic look.
It's worth noting that Arisaema flavum is known to contain oxalates, which can be harmful if ingested. Therefore, extreme caution should be taken when handling the plant.
Light Conditions
Arisaema flavum subsp. flavum typically thrives in partial to full shade. In its natural habitat, it grows under the canopy of trees and in shady understories. Excessive exposure to direct sunlight can harm the plant, and it's essential to find a suitable spot that provides enough shade for growth.
Temperature Requirements
Due to its origin in the Mediterranean region, Arisaema flavum subsp. flavum prefers mild temperatures. The plant thrives in a range of 15-30°C (59-86°F) but cannot tolerate extreme climates. During winter, the plant goes dormant and thrives in temperatures ranging from 5-10°C (41-50°F).
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-drained soil rich in nutrients. However, it can still grow in less fertile soil. The soil pH should be neutral to slightly acidic, preferably ranging from 6.0-7.0. The soil should be moist but not waterlogged to prevent root rot. Adding organic matter such as compost can help improve soil fertility and drainage.
Cultivation
Arisaema flavum is a tropical plant that prefers partially shady or shaded locations. It can be cultivated both outdoors and indoors. It is advisable to plant it in well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter.
Watering Needs
Watering should be done frequently to keep the soil moist, but not water-logged. The plant appreciates a moist environment, but standing water can cause root rot and fungus. It is essential to keep the soil damp but avoid excessive watering.
Fertilization
The plant requires regular feeding to thrive. A balanced fertilizer is advisable to be used every month during the growing season. Use a water-soluble fertilizer and apply according to the package instructions. Avoid over-fertilizing as it can burn the roots and harm the plant.
Pruning
Pruning is not generally necessary for this plant, but you may trim any dead or yellowed leaves to keep the plant looking its best. If you want to manage the size of the plant, cut back the stems to about an inch above the soil line. This will encourage new growth and a more compact plant.
Propagation of Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) Schott subsp. flavum
Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) Schott subsp. flavum, commonly known as Yellow Cobra Lily, can be propagated through various methods. The following are the methods that can be used for successful propagation:
Division
Division is the most common and easiest method of propagating Arisaema flavum. This technique involves separating the bulb clumps of the parent plant into smaller pieces and planting them in separate pots. The division should be done during the dormant period of the plant. This method helps to maintain the uniformity of the cultivars.
Seed
Propagation by seed is another method by which Arisaema flavum can be propagated. The seeds should be collected when they are ripe and sown immediately. The seeds should be sown in well-draining soil and kept moist. The temperature should be maintained at around 20°C for germination to occur successfully.
Cuttings
Propagation by cuttings is another method for propagating Arisaema flavum. This method involves taking stem cuttings of the parent plant and rooting them in a rooting hormone. The stem cuttings should be taken during the active growth period of the plant for better results, and they should be rooted in a well-draining soil mix under high humidity until the roots are formed.
Bulbils
Bulbils are small bulbs that form on the parent plant. These bulbils can be separated from the parent plant and planted directly in a well-draining soil mix. The bulbils should be planted at a depth of 2-3 cm and watered regularly until they establish roots.
Propagation of Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) Schott subsp. flavum is relatively easy and can be achieved through the methods outlined above. Proper care and attention should be given to the plants after propagation to ensure that they establish well and grow into healthy plants.
Disease Management
Arisaema flavum is prone to diseases, which can damage its leaves and stems. Some of the common diseases that affect this plant are:
- Fungal leaf spots: These are circular spots that appear on the leaves due to fungi. These spots are usually brown or black and can cause the leaves to fall prematurely. To manage this disease, you can use a fungicidal spray or prune the affected leaves.
- Root rot: This is caused by a fungal pathogen that attacks the roots of the plant, leading to a decay of the roots. To prevent root rot, ensure that the soil is well-draining and avoid overwatering.
- Botrytis blight: This disease affects the flowers and stems of the plant, causing them to become discolored and mushy. To manage this disease, remove the affected parts of the plant and avoid overhead watering.
Pest Management
Arisaema flavum is also susceptible to pests that can cause damage to the plant. Here are some of the common pests that affect this plant:
- Spider mites: These pests are tiny and are usually found on the underside of the leaves. They can cause the leaves to become stippled and discolored. To manage these pests, you can use a miticide spray or wash the leaves with a strong stream of water.
- Aphids: These are small insects that feed on the sap of the plant, causing the leaves to become distorted. To manage this pest, you can use an insecticidal soap or spray the leaves with a solution of water and dish soap.
- Slugs and snails: These pests feed on the leaves and can cause significant damage to the plant. You can manage them by handpicking them from the plant or by setting up traps around the base of the plant.
