Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. ssp. stipitata Packer & Denford
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. ssp. stipitata Packer & Denford, also known as hairy-leaved manzanita or bearberry, is a low-growing shrub that belongs to the Ericaceae family. This plant is native to North America, particularly found in western and northern areas of the United States as well as in Canada.
General Appearance
This plant generally reaches up to 1.5 feet (0.46 meters) in height and grows in dense, spreading clusters. It has small, leathery, and glossy leaves that are round to oval-shaped, measuring around 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) in length. Hairy-leaved manzanita has thick, woody stems that are reddish-brown in color with peeling bark.
Common Names
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. ssp. stipitata Packer & Denford has various common names, including Bearberry, Kinnikinick, and Upland cranberry. The plant's common names reflect its traditional uses and the wildlife it attracts.
Uses
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. ssp. stipitata Packer & Denford has been used for centuries in traditional medicine and still continues to be utilized today. Native American tribes in North America have used the leaves as a natural remedy to treat different ailments such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, and digestive problems. The plant contains bioactive compounds including arbutin, quercetin, and tannins that are known to have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and diuretic effects.
Additionally, hairy-leaved manzanita is used for landscaping as its dense foliage provides excellent groundcover. It is also commonly used as a decorative element in floral arrangements, especially during the holiday season.
Light Requirements
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. ssp. stipitata is a sun-loving species and grows best in locations where it is exposed to full or partial sunlight. It can also tolerate light shade, but growth may be stunted in these conditions.
Temperature Requirements
This species is adapted to grow in cool and cold regions, and it is typically found in subalpine and alpine environments. It requires cool to cold temperatures to grow and is tolerant of frost and snow. Optimal growth occurs when temperatures range from 15°F (-9°C) to 68°F (20°C).
Soil Requirements
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. ssp. stipitata prefers well-draining soils that are slightly acidic and nutrient-poor. The plant grows best in soils that have a pH between 4.5 and 6.5. It can tolerate a wide range of soil textures, including sandy, loamy, and rocky soils, as well as soil types derived from granite or limestone. However, it does not grow well in soils that are highly compacted, poorly drained, or waterlogged.
Cultivation methods
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. ssp. stipitata Packer & Denford, also known as Bearberry, is a low-growing evergreen shrub that performs best in well-draining, acidic soils. It can tolerate a variety of soil compositions, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. It is typically propagated through seeds or cuttings, and should be planted in full sun or partial shade. It is a hardy plant that can thrive in cold temperatures and is resistant to pests and diseases.
Watering needs
Bearberry plants prefer to be kept consistently moist. However, they are highly tolerant of drought conditions once established and can survive extended periods without watering. Watering should be done deeply and infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between waterings. Overwatering should be avoided, as this can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases.
Fertilization
Bearberry plants do not require frequent fertilization and can often thrive without it. However, a slow-release, low-nitrogen fertilizer can be applied in early spring if desired. Fertilization should be done sparingly, as too much fertilizer can lead to excessive growth and decreased plant health.
Pruning
Bearberry plants do not require extensive pruning but can benefit from occasional shaping and tidying up. Pruning should be done in late winter or early spring before new growth emerges. It is best to remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches, as well as any excessive growth that detracts from the plant's shape or health. Bearberry plants can also be lightly sheared to promote bushier growth.
Propagation of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. ssp. stipitata Packer & Denford
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. ssp. stipitata Packer & Denford, commonly known as Kinnikinnick, is a low-growing evergreen shrub that is native to North America. It can be propagated through several methods, including seeds, stem cuttings, and layering.
Propagation by seeds
Kinnikinnick seeds can be collected from the fruit that develops after the plant flowers. The seeds should be sown in a soil mixture that is well-draining and kept moist. They will typically germinate within 6 - 8 weeks and can be transplanted once they develop their second set of leaves.
Propagation by stem cuttings
Kinnikinnick can also be propagated by stem cuttings taken from a mature plant. Cuttings should be taken in the spring and should be approximately 4 - 6 inches in length. Remove the leaves from the lower two-thirds of the cutting and dip the cutting into rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a mixture of sand and peat and place in a shaded location. The cutting should root within 6 - 8 weeks and can then be transplanted to a permanent location.
Propagation by layering
Another propagation method for Kinnikinnick is layering. In the spring, select a lateral stem and wound the stem in one or more locations. Then, bend the stem towards the ground and cover the wounded area with soil. Keep the soil moist and within 6 - 12 months, the layer should develop roots. Once the layer has developed roots, it can be separated from the parent plant and transplanted to a permanent location.
Disease Management
The Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. ssp. stipitata Packer & Denford plant may be susceptible to fungal diseases such as Anthracnose, Leaf Spot, and Powdery Mildew. To manage these diseases:
- Remove all infected plant parts immediately to prevent the spread of the disease
- Avoid overhead watering and water the plants at soil level to keep the leaves dry
- Provide proper air circulation by pruning the tips of the branches if necessary
- Apply fungicides if needed, following the instructions carefully
Pest Management
The plant may also attract pests such as spider mites, aphids, and scale insects. To manage these pests:
- Remove any affected plant parts immediately to prevent the spread of the infestation
- Encourage natural predators such as ladybugs or lacewings, by planting companion plants such as herbs, in the vicinity of the Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. ssp. stipitata Packer & Denford.
- Apply insecticidal soap or neem oil, following the instructions carefully
- Regularly inspect plants to identify infestations early before they become severe
