Description of Anthyllis abyssinica Sagorski
Anthyllis abyssinica Sagorski, also known as Abyssinian kidney vetch, is a perennial plant that belongs to the Fabaceae family. The plant is native to Ethiopia and can also be found in other parts of Africa.
General Appearance
This plant has a distinctive appearance with stems that grow up to 60 cm long and showy pinkish-red flowers that bloom from June to September. The leaves are dark green and have a lance-like shape, forming a dense foliage that makes the plant an attractive addition to any garden.
Common Names
Apart from Abyssinian kidney vetch, this plant is known by other names such as African kidney vetch, Ethiopian kidney vetch, Abyssinian anthyllis, and Sagorski's anthyllis.
Uses
Anthyllis abyssinica Sagorski is commonly used in traditional medicine in Ethiopia to treat various health problems like liver and stomach disorders, rheumatism, and joint pains. The plant also has potential as a forage crop since it is rich in protein and can be used to feed livestock.
Light Requirements
The plant Anthyllis abyssinica Sagorski requires full sun to grow efficiently. It thrives well in areas with bright light and high solar radiation. Poor light conditions can result in stunted growth and reduced fruiting. Hence, it is essential to plant this species in areas receiving adequate sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
Anthyllis abyssinica Sagorski grows well in warm climatic conditions with average temperatures ranging from 20-25°C. Extreme temperatures can affect the growth and development of the plant, causing wilting of leaves and flowers. It is important to note that this species is intolerant to frost and cannot survive in areas with temperatures below 0°C.
Soil Requirements
The plant grows well in well-drained soils with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. The soil should be rich in organic matter and have good aeration to allow for healthy root development. Additionally, it is important to avoid waterlogged soils as they can lead to root rot and stunted growth.
Cultivation
Anthyllis abyssinica Sagorski is a perennial plant that requires plenty of sunlight to grow well. Select a location with well-draining soil and ample sunlight for planting this species. Plant the seedlings in spring after the last frost, giving them ample space to grow.
Watering Needs
Anthyllis abyssinica Sagorski prefers moderate moisture levels, so it's essential to keep this plant hydrated without overwatering it. Allow the soil to dry partially before watering again, and avoid overwatering to prevent root rot.
Fertilization
Anthyllis abyssinica Sagorski has minimal fertilization requirements. Incorporate organic matter, such as compost, into the soil before planting. Alternatively, you can use a low-nitrogen fertilizer to feed the plant during the growing season. Avoid over-fertilization to prevent the likelihood of fertilizer burn.
Pruning
Anthyllis abyssinica Sagorski does not require regular pruning, but you can trim it occasionally to maintain its shape. Remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches as soon as you notice them. Additionally, pruning should take place after the blooming season to avoid interrupting the flowering cycle.
Propagation of Anthyllis abyssinica Sagorski
Anthyllis abyssinica Sagorski can be propagated through two methods:
Seed Propagation
Seeds can be collected from mature plants during the fall months when seed pods are dry. Harvesting of seeds should be done carefully to prevent damage to the seeds. The seeds should be cleaned and dried, stored in a cool, dry place until spring. For optimum germination, seeds should be stratified in moist sand for three weeks at 4 °C before sowing.
Seeds can be sowed outdoors in spring, in rows, at a depth of 4-5mm. The soil should be well-draining and moderately fertile. Once the seedlings have germinated, it is important to weed them regularly and water as needed. The seedlings will usually develop a taproot and become drought-tolerant within two years.
Asexual Propagation
Anthyllis abyssinica Sagorski can also be propagated through asexual means such as stem cuttings or layering.
Stem cuttings should be taken from the parent plant during the early spring months. The cuttings that are about 10-15cm long with 2-3 nodes can be dipped in rooting hormone and planted in moist soil, preferably in a greenhouse. Daily watering and misting should be done to keep the soil moist and promote rooting.
Layering can be done by bending a stem of the parent plant to the ground and burying it in the soil. It is essential to use a rooting hormone to encourage root development. The stem should be left undisturbed, and vigorous roots will emerge after several weeks. Once the roots are well-developed, the new plant can be separated from the parent plant and transplanted to a permanent location.
Disease and Pest Management for Anthyllis Abyssinica Sagorski
Anthyllis abyssinica Sagorski is a beautiful flowering plant that can attract various pests and diseases. As a gardener, it is essential to identify the common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and suggest proper management strategies to maintain healthy growth.
Common Diseases
1. Fusarium Wilt: It is a severe disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum fungal pathogen, which leads to the wilting, yellowing, and death of the plant. The fungus primarily infects the roots, obstructing the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil. Soil-borne fungi can attack the plant at any stage of growth.
Management: To control the spread of fusarium wilt, remove and dispose of infected plants. Do not plant Anthyllis abyssinica Sagorski in the same soil for at least three years. Water the plant thoroughly, and avoid overwatering. Use a healthy and fungicide-treated soil mix to cultivate the plant.
2. Powdery Mildew: It is a fungal disease that affects the leaves, stems, buds, and flowers of the plant. It appears as white or gray powdery spots, causing leaves to curl and yellow and growth stunts, along with distorted flowers.
Management: To manage powdery mildew, remove and destroy infected plant parts. Avoid overhead watering and promote good air circulation. Apply fungicides as a preventive measure.
Common Pests
1. Aphids: These small insects suck sap from the Anthyllis abyssinica Sagorski plant, causing leaves to curl and distort, and reduced growth. They are typically found in large groups on young leaves and stems.
Management: To manage aphids, use a strong stream of water to dislodge the insects from the plant. Use insecticidal soap, neem oil, or horticultural oil for a non-toxic chemical solution.
2. Spider Mites: These pests are not insects but arachnids that thrive in hot and dry conditions. They cause yellow leaves, stippling, and webbing on the plant, leading to reduced growth and eventually death.
Management: To manage spider mites, apply a blast of water to the plant to dislodge the mites. Introduce predatory insects such as ladybugs and lacewings. Apply a horticultural oil, insecticidal soap, or neem oil to control and kill the mites.
By understanding the common diseases and pests that affect Anthyllis abyssinica Sagorski, you can maintain healthy plants and ensure a beautiful garden.
