Anthirium cordatum (L.) Schott
Anthirium cordatum is a plant that belongs to the arum family, Araceae. It is also commonly known as the Heartleaf Anthirium due to its heart-shaped leaves. The plant is native to tropical rainforests in Central and South America, including Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador.
Common Names
Aside from Heartleaf Anthirium, this plant is also known by other common names such as the Poisonous Anthirium, Chinaza, Chanchito, and Calomán. Its scientific name used in the horticultural industry is Anthirium scandens.
Uses
The Heartleaf Anthirium is a popular house plant due to its unique foliage, ease of care, and air-purifying capabilities. It is also grown for commercial purposes in the cut flower industry as it can produce long-lasting, ornamental blooms which come in various colors like pink, red, and white.
In traditional medicine, the sap of the plant has been used to treat wounds, skin irritation, and as a purgative. However, it is known to cause skin irritation and to be toxic if ingested.
General Appearance
The Anthirium cordatum is a small, evergreen, perennial plant that grows up to 3 feet tall. It is characterized by its heart-shaped, glossy, dark green leaves that can grow up to 6 inches long. The leaves have a thin, wiry petiole, which is green or reddish-brown. The flowers are produced on a spadix that can grow up to 7 inches long, with a greenish-white spathe. The fruit is a berry that is green when unripe and bright red when ripe.
In cultivation, the Heartleaf Anthirium thrives in well-draining, fertile, moist soil under bright, indirect light. It can also grow in low light conditions, but its growth will be slower, and its leaves may become smaller.
Overall, the Anthirium cordatum is a stunning and versatile plant that can make an excellent addition to both homes and gardens.
Light Requirements
Anthurium cordatum requires bright but indirect light. It can tolerate low light conditions but will not flower as well. Direct sunlight can burn the leaves and cause damage to the plant.
Temperature Conditions
The ideal temperature range for Anthurium cordatum is between 60 to 85°F (15 to 29°C). It cannot tolerate extreme temperatures below 50°F (10°C) or above 90°F (32°C). Keeping the plant in a consistent temperature range will promote healthy growth and flowering.
Soil Requirements
Anthurium cordatum requires a well-draining, nutrient-rich soil to thrive. A mixture of peat moss, perlite, and coarse sand is a suitable choice. The soil should be kept consistently moist, but not waterlogged, as this can lead to root rot.
Cultivation Methods
Anthrium cordatum grows well in temperatures between 60-90°F (15-32°C) with moderate shade. It requires well-draining soil, rich in organic matter, and a pH of 5.5. to 6.5. This plant should be planted in a potting mix of peat moss, perlite, and pine bark. As Anthurium cordatum is prone to root rot, ensure that the pot has drainage holes to avoid waterlogging and choose a pot slightly larger than the root ball for the plant. The plant needs good air circulation, which can be improved with a small fan.
Watering Needs
Anthurium cordatum requires moderate watering, water only when the top inch of soil is dry. Ensure that the soil is well-draining to avoid waterlogging and root rot. Overwatering can cause yellowing of leaves or root rot. Anthuriums are sensitive to chlorine in the water; allow the water to sit for several hours before using it to irrigate.
Fertilization
Fertilizing Anthurium cordatum is essential for healthy growth. Use a complete, balanced, water-soluble, and slow-release fertilizer. Fertilize every two weeks during the growing season with the recommended dose. Avoid fertilizing during the dormancy period when the plant is not growing.
Pruning
Pruning Anthurium cordatum is essential for the plant's health and to maintain its appearance. To avoid damaging the plant, use disinfected pruning tools. Cut off damaged, yellowing, or wilted leaves close to the base of the plant. You can cut the flowers after they wilt to improve the plant's appearance. Sterilize the pruning tools after use to avoid spreading diseases to other plants.
Propagation of Anthurium Cordatum
Propagation of Anthurium Cordatum can be done through various methods.
Division
Division is one of the easiest and most popular methods of propagating Anthurium Cordatum. During repotting, the plant can be divided into smaller sections with their roots intact. Each section should have a few stem segments and a healthy root system. These sections can then be potted separately and placed under the appropriate conditions for growth.
Cuttings
Propagating Anthurium Cordatum through stem cuttings is another method, but is a bit more difficult than division. Cuttings should be taken from the stem tip, and should include a few leaves. The stem should be allowed to dry for a few hours before being dipped in a rooting hormone and then placed in an appropriate potting mix. The cutting should be placed in a warm and humid environment and watered accordingly.
Seeds
While possible, propagation through seeds is not often done because of the slow growth rate. If using seeds, they should be sown in a mixture of moist peat moss and perlite, and kept in a warm and humid environment. Keep the soil moist but not too wet. The seeds should sprout in a few weeks, and the seedlings should be transplanted into appropriate pots when they are large enough to handle.
Disease and Pest Management for Anthurium Cordatum
Anthurium cordatum is a popular ornamental plant, commonly known as the Heartleaf Anthurium. It is susceptible to several diseases and pests that can damage the plant. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases
Crown Rot: This is a fungal disease that attacks the plant's root system causing the plant to wilt and eventually die. To prevent this disease, ensure that the plant is not overwatered and that the soil is well-draining. If the plant is infected with crown rot, isolate it from other healthy plants and remove the affected parts. Treat the remaining parts with a fungicide.
Leaf Spot: This is a fungal disease that causes yellow or brown spots on the plant's leaves. The spots may coalesce and form a large patch, leading to leaf drop. To prevent this disease, avoid overhead watering and ensure that the plant is adequately spaced to aid air circulation. Remove infected leaves and treat with a fungicide.
Bacterial Blight: This disease is caused by a bacterium that attacks the plant's leaves, causing them to turn brown and dry out. It may also affect the flowers and stems. The disease spreads through contaminated water or pruning tools. To prevent this disease, avoid overhead watering, maintain good hygiene practices when pruning, and isolate infected plants. Treat with a bactericide.
Pests
Mealybugs: These are small, white pests that cluster on the undersides of leaves or around leaf nodes. They suck sap from the plant, causing it to weaken and become stunted. To manage them, remove mealybugs manually, by wiping them off with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol. Avoid using excessive fertilizer as it may attract mealybugs.
Spider Mites: These are tiny pests that feed on the plant's underside, causing yellowing, wilting and leaf drop. Spider mites thrive in hot and dusty conditions. To manage them, spray the plants with water regularly to keep the leaves clean. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to suppress the infestation.
Scale Insects: These pests appear as small, brown bumps on the stems or leaves of the plant. They suck sap from the plant and excrete honeydew, which attracts other pests like ants. To manage them, use a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol to remove the scale insects. Use a horticultural oil spray to suppress the infestation.
By following the above tips, you can keep your Anthurium cordatum healthy and beautiful.
