Overview:
Anthemis arvensis L. var. agrestis (Wallr.) DC., commonly known as corn chamomile, is an annual plant belonging to the daisy family Asteraceae. Its name Anthemis originates from the Greek word anthemon, which means 'flower'.
Origin:
The plant is native to Europe and Western Asia. It grows extensively in European countries like France, Italy, Spain and Portugal. It has also been introduced to North America and is found in the United States and Canada.
Common Names:
The plant is known by several common names including field chamomile, corn chamomile, dwarf chamomile, field daisy, and scentless chamomile. The name corn chamomile is due to the plant's ability to grow well in cornfields and other cultivated fields.
Appearance:
The plant grows up to a height of 15-50 cm and has a spread of 10-30 cm. Its stem is erect, branching, and slightly hairy. The leaves are alternate and pinnately divided into long, narrow lobes. The flower heads are small, only 10-15 mm in diameter, with white ray florets and yellow disk florets. The plant blooms from June to August.
Uses:
Anthemis arvensis L. var. agrestis (Wallr.) DC. has several medicinal properties and is used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and sedative properties. It is used to treat ailments such as fever, diarrhea, indigestion, and menstrual disorders. It is also used in cosmetics and personal care products such as soaps, lotions, and perfumes because of its pleasant fragrance.
The plant is also known for its insecticidal properties and is used in pest control to repel insects and spiders. It is also used as a companion plant in gardens to repel pests and attract pollinators.
Light Requirements
Anthemis arvensis L. var. agrestis (Wallr.) DC. is a plant that requires full sunlight to thrive and grow. Therefore, it is important to place it in an area that receives at least six hours of direct sunlight every day. If the plant is grown in an area with insufficient sunlight, it may grow tall and leggy, which will eventually increase the risk of it falling over or breaking.
Temperature Requirements
Anthemis arvensis L. var. agrestis (Wallr.) DC. is a plant that can tolerate both hot and cold temperatures. However, it flourishes in temperatures ranging from 50 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit, making it appropriate for temperate regions. It is important to note that exceedingly hot temperatures may cause the plant to wilt while colder temperatures may cause the leaves to turn yellow and eventually fall off.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-draining, nutrient-rich soils for optimal growth. Soil that is rich in organic matter but porous enough to drain excess water is preferable. If the soil is too compact or doesn't drain well, it could cause root rot and eventually cause the plant to die. It is also important to fertilize the plant, typically once every two weeks, with a balanced fertilizer to ensure it receives essential nutrients for its growth.
Cultivation methods
Anthemis arvensis L. var. agrestis (Wallr.) DC. commonly known as corn chamomile is an annual flowering plant. It grows in almost any soil type and prefers dry to moist soil. It can be propagated by sowing seed directly in the ground after the last frost, or by transplanting seedlings outdoors.
Watering needs
Since Anthemis arvensis L. var. agrestis (Wallr.) DC. thrives in dry soil, it is important only to water the plant when the soil is dry to the touch. Overwatering can lead to root rot and ultimately lead to plant death. When watering the plant, ensure that it receives enough water to reach its roots, but avoid waterlogging the soil.
Fertilization
Anthemis arvensis L. var. agrestis (Wallr.) DC. does not require heavy fertilization. A slow-release, balanced fertilizer can be applied in early spring to boost the plant's growth. If the plant is grown in nutrient-poor soil, supplementing with additional fertilizers may be necessary. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions when applying fertilizers.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for Anthemis arvensis L. var. agrestis (Wallr.) DC., but deadheading spent flowers can help promote new growth and keep the plant looking neat and tidy. To deadhead the plant, simply pinch off the spent flowers just below the base of the flower head. This technique can also help lengthen the blooming period of the plant.
Propagation methods for Anthemis arvensis L. var. agrestis (Wallr.) DC.
Propagating Anthemis arvensis L. var. agrestis can be done through several approaches, including:
Seed propagation
The most commonly used method to propagate Anthemis arvensis L. var. agrestis is by seed. In fact, the plant has a high potential for self-seeding and colonizing new sites. When preparing seeds for propagation, the first step is to collect mature seeds, which should be left to dry for a few days. They can then be stored in paper bags until needed. To sow the seeds, you can either scatter them on the soil surface or use a seed starting mix. Sow them at a depth of around 1/8 inch, water well, and keep the soil moist for the first few weeks until the seedlings emerge. Germination should take approximately 14 to 21 days.
Division
Another propagation method for Anthemis arvensis L. var. agrestis is by division, which should be done in spring or early fall. When dividing the plant, you should take care not to disturb the roots too much. Dig up the plant and separate the roots into smaller sections using a sharp garden knife. Each section should have several shoots and a healthy root system. These sections can then be transplanted into their final location in the garden, watered well, and kept moist until established.
Cuttings
Propagating Anthemis arvensis L. var. agrestis by cuttings can be a bit trickier than the other methods, but it can still be successful. Take cuttings from healthy young shoots with a sharp knife and remove the lower leaves. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone, and plant in a propagation tray filled with a well-draining growing medium. Water the cuttings well and place them in a warm spot with bright, indirect light. Mist the cuttings often to keep them hydrated and increase humidity. In about four to six weeks, the cuttings should have rooted and can be transplanted to their final location in the garden.
Disease Management
Anthemis arvensis var. agrestis is susceptible to several diseases that can cause significant damage to the plant. The common diseases that affect the plant include:
- Leaf Spot: This disease is caused by the fungus Alternaria spp. and manifests as dark brown spots on the leaves. To manage this disease, remove the infected leaves, improve air circulation, and apply a fungicide.
- Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease forms powdery white spots on the leaves and stems, which can cause wilting. To manage this problem, prune infected areas, improve air circulation, and use a fungicide.
- Root Rot: This disease is caused by fungi such as Pythium spp. and can cause stunted growth and wilting. To avoid this problem, plant the seedlings in well-drained soil, avoid overwatering, and apply a fungicide.
Pest Management
The plant can also be attacked by pests that can significantly damage the plant. These pests include:
- Aphids: These insects suck the sap of the plant, causing stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. To manage this problem, spray insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Thrips: This insect damages the leaves and causes silvering or bronzing. To manage this pest, keep the plant free from debris and apply a pesticide.
- Caterpillars: These pests can munch on the leaves and flowers, causing significant damage to the plant. To manage this pest, handpick and destroy them, and use a pesticide.
It is important to regularly monitor the plant for signs of diseases and pests to avoid significant damage. A combination of cultural practices and pesticide applications can help in preventing damage to Anthemis arvensis var. agrestis.
