Overview
Angraecum erecto-calcaratum De Wild. is a plant species belonging to the orchid family. It is native to the Democratic Republic of Congo and is commonly known as the Straight-spurred Angraecum.
Appearance
The plant bears distinct features that set it apart from other orchid species. It has long stems that can range from 8-40 cm, with narrow leaves that are light green in color. The flowers are white and are about 3 cm long, with a long spur that can measure up to 6 cm. It usually blooms in the spring and the summer months.
Uses
Apart from its ornamental purposes, Angraecum erecto-calcaratum De Wild. has several other uses. The locals in the Democratic Republic of Congo use the plant to make herbal medicine to treat different ailments, including respiratory illnesses, high blood pressure, and stomach disorders. Additionally, the plant has been used in perfumery and aromatherapy due to its sweet fragrance, which is most pronounced at night.
Light Requirements
Angraecum erecto-calcaratum De Wild. requires abundant light but not direct sunlight exposure. This plant thrives in semi-shaded areas protected from strong winds and direct sunlight. Growers should aim to provide adequate light by placing the plant in an east-facing or similar location, where it can get indirect light. If outdoor cultivation is more desirable, the plant should be covered with shade cloth to protect it from direct sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Angraecum erecto-calcaratum De Wild. is between 20°C and 30°C. In areas with hotter temperatures, the plant should be grown in the shade and adequately ventilated to reduce humidity levels. During winter, growers should ensure to maintain a minimum temperature of 15°C to prevent cold damage.
Soil Requirements
Like most orchids, Angraecum erecto-calcaratum De Wild. requires well-drained soil to prevent waterlogging, which can lead to root rotting. A mixture of pine chips, perlite, and charcoal is an excellent choice for planting this orchid. It's also important to prioritize the pot's proper drainage to allow excess water to drain out efficiently. Frequent watering is necessary, but it's essential not to overwater.
Cultivation Methods
The Angraecum erecto-calcaratum De Wild. is an epiphytic orchid that requires specific cultural conditions to thrive. It is recommended to cultivate this plant in a well-draining medium that mimics its natural habitat. A combination of bark, sphagnum moss, and perlite or vermiculite is a suitable growing medium for the plant. The plant requires intermediate to warm temperatures of 70°F to 85°F and requires bright, filtered light.
Angraecum erecto-calcaratum De Wild. is also a slow-growing plant, and it is essential to maintain proper cultural conditions to promote its growth. The plant requires high humidity, preferably around 70% to 80%, and adequate air circulation to prevent moisture buildup, which can lead to fungal diseases.
Watering Needs
Adequate watering is crucial for the healthy growth of Angraecum erecto-calcaratum De Wild. Overwatering can lead to root rots, while underwatering can cause the plant to wilt. The plant requires consistent moisture, but the growing medium should not be soggy. Watering the plant every seven to ten days is sufficient, depending on the temperature and humidity levels.
It is also essential to water the plant in the morning to allow excess water to evaporate before nighttime, preventing water from getting trapped in the crevices and causing fungal diseases. When watering, ensure that the water drains away from the plant, preventing stagnant water around the roots.
Fertilization
Angraecum erecto-calcaratum De Wild. requires regular feeding with a low-strength orchid fertilizer. A balanced fertilizer with equal proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium would suffice. The recommended fertilization frequency is bi-weekly during the growing season, and monthly during the rest period.
During the rest period, the plant requires less fertilizer, and it is advisable to dilute the fertilizer to half strength. Overfertilization can lead to salt buildup in the growing medium and cause root damage, leading to poor growth or plant death.
Pruning
Pruning Angraecum erecto-calcaratum De Wild. is not necessary unless it is essential to remove dead or diseased plant parts. However, it is advisable to remove spent blooms and discolored leaves to promote healthy growth and lower the risk of plant diseases. Use sterilized pruning shears or scissors to avoid spreading diseases.
It is essential to inspect the plant regularly for signs of pest infestation or diseases, such as yellowing leaves, white spots, or blackened stems. Quick action such as isolating the plant or treating it with appropriate treatments can prevent the spread of diseases.
Propagation of Angraecum erecto-calcaratum De Wild.
Propagation of Angraecum erecto-calcaratum De Wild. can be done through the following methods:
Seed propagation
Seeds are the best way to propagate Angraecum erecto-calcaratum De Wild. The seeds should be collected when the seed pods have fully matured and turned brown. Before sowing, the seeds must be soaked overnight in water, and then treated with fungicide to prevent any fungal infections.
The seeds should be sown in a well-draining medium consisting of orchid bark, perlite, and sphagnum moss. The pots should be placed in a warm, humid, and bright location, but not in direct sunlight. Germination should occur within 2-3 weeks, and the seedlings should be monitored carefully and fertilized lightly.
Division propagation
Angraecum erecto-calcaratum De Wild. can also be propagated through division. This should be done during the plant's active growth period, usually in the spring or early summer.
The plant should be removed from its pot and the roots carefully washed and inspected for damage or disease. The plant should then be divided into smaller sections, making sure each section has at least two to three healthy pseudobulbs and a good root system.
The divisions should be potted in a fresh medium consisting of orchid bark, perlite, and sphagnum moss, and placed in a warm, humid, and bright location, but not in direct sunlight. The newly potted divisions should be watered sparingly until they have established roots and new growth.
Disease and Pest Management for Angraecum erecto-calcaratum De Wild.
Angraecum erecto-calcaratum, commonly known as the Star orchid, is a species of orchid that originates from Africa. Although it is a hardy plant, there are various pests and diseases that can affect its growth and health. Here are some of the most common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and some ways to manage them.
Diseases
One of the most common diseases that can affect Angraecum erecto-calcaratum is fungal and bacterial infections. These diseases can cause spotting on the leaves and stem, and they can also lead to wilting and damping off. One way to manage these diseases is to avoid overwatering the plant, which can create a humid environment that is ideal for the growth of fungi and bacteria. Keeping the leaves dry and ensuring good air circulation also helps reduce disease development. If the plant is already infected, the diseased parts should be removed and the plant should be treated with a fungicide or bactericide.
Pests
The most common pests that can affect Angraecum erecto-calcaratum are mealybugs, spider mites, and scale insects. These pests attack the plant by sucking sap from the leaves, resulting in stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and even death. Regular inspection of the plant and removing any pests immediately on detection is an extremely effective measure. A blast of water, mild soapy water, or rubbing alcohol can be used to control these pests. In severe infestations, the use of insecticides may be necessary. Care should be taken to prevent chemical residues that might damage the plant.
In conclusion, regular monitoring and care are crucial to keep Angraecum erecto-calcaratum from succumbing to diseases and pests. Early detection and prevention are the keys to avoiding serious damage and promoting healthy plant growth.
