Origin
Androstachys subpeltatis (Sim) Phillips, also known as the velvet corkwood, is a tree species belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. This plant is native to Southern Africa and grows in hot and dry regions of Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa.
Common Names
Androstachys subpeltatis has several common names depending on the region it grows. Its Afrikaans name is fluweelkanniedood, while it is called nkangala in Sotho, and mokhura in Tswana. The English name “velvet corkwood” refers to the tree’s thick corky bark and velvety-soft leaves.
General Appearance
The velvet corkwood is a small to medium-sized tree that can grow up to 10 meters tall. The tree has a rough and corky bark that is about 50mm thick, which helps the tree withstand wildfires and grow in arid regions. The leaves of this tree are velvety to the touch and have a heart-shaped base with a pointed tip. Their colors range from green to bluish-green. Androstachys subpeltatis produces yellowish-green flowers that bloom between November and March before producing berries.
Uses
Androstachys subpeltatis is a valuable plant species in Southern Africa, used for several purposes. The bark of the tree is used to produce cork and as a traditional medicine to treat snake bites, stomach ailments, and coughs. The velvet-like leaves are used as a soap substitute. The plant also has several ecological uses; for example, its bark is fire-resistant, and its leaves provide shade for livestock during the dry season.
Light requirements
Androstachys subpeltatis requires full sunlight to grow well. It should be planted in an open area where it can receive at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily. Insufficient light may lead to stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and poor flowering.
Temperature requirements
The plant prefers warm temperatures and cannot tolerate freezing temperatures. The ideal temperature range for Androstachys subpeltatis is between 15°C to 30°C. Extreme temperatures below 10°C or above 40°C can cause damage to the plant and reduce its growth and development.
Soil requirements
Androstachys subpeltatis grows well in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil should be slightly acidic with a pH of 5.5 to 6.5. Heavy clay soils should be avoided as they retain too much water and do not allow the roots to breathe. The plant can tolerate sandy soil, but regular watering will be required.
It is important to note that the plant does not grow well in waterlogged soils and can suffer from root rot. Adding compost to the soil can improve its water-holding capacity and nutrient content. Androstachys subpeltatis is also tolerant of drought conditions and can survive on minimal water. However, regular watering during the growing season will improve growth and flowering.
Cultivation
The Androstachys subpeltatis (Sim) Phillips plant is native to the tropical regions of Africa, where it grows in sandy soils and savannah woodlands. It requires a warm and humid environment to thrive and should be grown in full sun or partial shade.
If you plan to cultivate this plant, it is essential to provide sandy soil that is well-drained and rich in organic matter. Ensure that the soil's pH ranges from 5.5 to 6.5 for optimal growth. The plant can be propagated using seeds or stem cuttings.
Watering Needs
This plant requires moderate watering, and the soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. It is important to water the plant consistently and avoid droughts that can cause leaf drop and slow growth.
It is best to water in the early morning or late afternoon, as this allows the soil to absorb the water before the sun becomes too hot and evaporates the moisture. Avoid getting water on the leaves and stem, as this can cause fungal diseases.
Fertilization
To promote healthy growth and flower production, fertilize the Androstachys subpeltatis (Sim) Phillips plant every three to four months. Use a balanced fertilizer that is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
Apply the fertilizer in the early morning or late afternoon when the sun is not too hot. It is essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions on the package to avoid over-fertilization, which can damage the plant.
Pruning
To maintain the shape and size of the Androstachys subpeltatis (Sim) Phillips plant, prune it regularly. Pruning also helps to remove dead or diseased branches, which can interfere with the plant's growth.
You can prune the plant in the early spring before new growth appears. Use a sharp and clean pair of pruning shears to avoid damaging the plant. Cut just above the leaf node to encourage new growth.
It is essential to wear gloves while pruning, as some parts of the plant may cause skin irritation.
Propagation of Androstachys subpeltatis
Androstachys subpeltatis (Sim) Phillips is a tropical tree that is native to Africa. It is commonly known as the black bark or mountain sausage tree due to its dark bark and sausage-shaped fruits. Propagation of this plant can be achieved through several methods:
Seed propagation
Seeds can be collected from ripe fruits and sown immediately in a well-draining soil mix. The seeds require warmth and moisture to germinate, and they usually take 2-4 weeks to sprout. It is important to maintain consistent soil moisture during the germination period.
Cuttings propagation
Cuttings can be taken from semi-ripe wood during the growing season. The cuttings should be about 10-15 cm long and have 2-3 sets of leaves. The base of the cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone and then planted in a soil mix of sand and compost. The cuttings should be kept in a warm, humid place and misted frequently until they develop roots.
Air layering propagation
Air layering can be used to propagate Androstachys subpeltatis from mature branches. A section of bark and cambium layer is removed from a branch, and the exposed wood is wrapped in moist sphagnum moss and covered in plastic. Roots will develop at the base of the moss ball, and the new plant can be separated from the parent plant after a few months.
Disease and Pest Management for Androstachys subpeltatis (Sim) Phillips
Androstachys subpeltatis (Sim) Phillips, commonly known as the Rock Chestnut, is a tropical tree species found in African savannas and forests. It is a valuable plant due to its nut-like fruit, which can be used for human consumption and also as feed for livestock. However, this plant is prone to several diseases and pests that can cause significant damage to the plant, leading to yield loss and, in severe cases, plant death.
Common Diseases
The most common diseases that affect Androstachys subpeltatis are fungal diseases. These include:
- Anthracnose: This disease affects the leaves and fruits of the plant, causing small purplish-brown spots that later turn gray and become sunken. The best way to manage anthracnose is by removing and destroying infected plant parts and adopting good sanitation practices.
- Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects the leaves and stems of the plant, causing powdery white spots. The best way to manage this disease is by improving air circulation, removing and destroying infected plant parts, and using fungicides.
- Rust: Rust is another common fungal disease that affects Androstachys subpeltatis, causing orange or yellow spots on the leaves. It can cause plant defoliation and yield loss. The best way to manage this disease is by removing and destroying infected plant parts and using fungicides.
Common Pests
Androstachys subpeltatis is also prone to several pests that can cause significant damage to the plant. These include:
- Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that feed on the foliage of the plant, causing yellow spots and leaves to turn brown. The best way to manage spider mites is by using insecticidal soaps and oils and maintaining good plant hygiene.
- Scale Insects: Scale insects are small pests that attach themselves to the leaves and fruits of the plant, sucking sap from it and causing plant stress. The best way to manage scale insects is by using insecticidal soap and oils and manually removing them from the plant.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars are the larvae of moths and butterflies that feed on the foliage and fruits of the plant. They can cause significant damage to the plant, leading to yield loss. The best way to manage caterpillars is by using insecticides and manually removing them from the plant.
Note: It is advisable to consult a plant expert or extension officer for a proper diagnosis of any disease or pest problem affecting your Androstachys subpeltatis plants to ensure the correct management strategies are implemented.
