Overview:
Andropogon arundinaceus Willd., also known as silver bluestem or turkeyfoot grass, is a perennial grass species that belongs to the Poaceae family. The plant is native to North America and thrives in the dry, rocky prairies, and open woodlands of the central and eastern United States.
Appearance:
The leaves of Andropogon arundinaceus Willd. are flat and narrow, typically between 3-6 feet long and 1/4 inch wide. The blue-green leaf color fades to silver-white as it ages, giving the plant its common name, silver bluestem. The stem of the plant can grow up to 6 feet tall and forms a large clump with a diameter of up to 4 feet.
Uses:
Andropogon arundinaceus Willd. is commonly used for erosion control and wildlife habitat restoration. The plant's robust root system helps stabilize soil and prevent erosion. Additionally, the leaves and seeds of the plant are a nutritious food source for various grazing animals, such as deer and bison. In recent years, the plant has also been used as an ornamental grass in gardens and landscapes.
Light Requirements
Andropogon arundinaceus Willd. thrives in full sunlight. It is recommended that it should have access to sunlight for a minimum of 6 hours per day. In the wild, it is generally found growing in open meadows and fields where it receives full exposure to sunlight. If grown indoors, it should be placed near a window that receives direct sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
The typical temperature required for the growth of Andropogon arundinaceus Willd. is between 20°C to 35°C. It is a warm-season grass and needs a temperature above 20°C for optimal growth. However, the plant can tolerate lower temperatures in winter, which allows it to be grown in milder climates. In cooler regions, this grass should be grown as an annual.
Soil Requirements
This plant prefers well-drained soils that are slightly acidic to neutral, with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5. It can tolerate a wide range of soil textures, from sandy to clay loam, but does better with loam soil. It can grow on soils that are nutrient-deficient but performs better with soils that are fertile and rich in organic matter. In sum, it requires a soil that can maintain moisture and sufficient nutrients.
Cultivation Methods
Andropogon arundinaceus Willd., commonly known as big bluestem, is a warm-season perennial grass that has a deep root system. It prefers to grow in full sunlight and fertile soil. Ideally, the soil pH should be slightly acidic to neutral (between 6.0 to 7.5). Planting should be done in the spring when the soil temperature reaches at least 60°F (15°C).
The recommended planting depth for big bluestem is ¼ inch (0.64 cm). The seedbed should be well-prepared, and the soil must be firmly packed to ensure good seed-to-soil contact. Spacing for seedlings should be 4 to 6 inches apart to allow ample room for root growth.
Watering Needs
During the initial stages of growth, Andropogon arundinaceus requires frequent watering, especially during dry weather conditions. Watering should be done early in the day to minimize the risk of fungal diseases. Once the plants are established, they are drought-tolerant and require little supplemental watering.
It is important to note that big bluestem is susceptible to water-logging, so soil drainage must be adequate to avoid root rot.
Fertilization
Andropogon arundinaceus thrives in fertile soil, so it is recommended to incorporate organic matter such as compost or manure into the soil before planting. During the growing season, a balanced fertilizer (NPK 10-10-10) can be applied every four to six weeks.
It is crucial to avoid over-fertilization as this can lead to excessive vegetative growth that is prone to lodging.
Pruning
Big bluestem is a low-maintenance grass that does not require extensive pruning. However, if the plant becomes too tall, it may be necessary to cut it back in late winter or early spring to promote healthy growth and withstand strong winds.
Pruning or mowing should not be done during the growing season as this can stimulate new growth that is vulnerable to frost damage in the winter.
Propagation of Andropogon arundinaceus Willd.
Andropogon arundinaceus Willd., commonly known as Greater Bluestem, is a warm-season perennial grass that can grow up to 6 feet tall. Propagation of this plant can be done through different methods which include:
Seed Propagation:
The most common and effective method of propagating Andropogon arundinaceus Willd. is through the use of seeds. The seeds are easily available and can be sown directly to the ground or in seedbeds. Seeds should be sown in the spring, after the last frost date, to enable them to germinate well. The seeds should be planted at a depth of ¼ inch and covered slightly with soil. The soil should be kept moist, but not waterlogged, until germination occurs. Germination usually takes between 10 to 21 days.
Division:
Division is another method of propagating Andropogon arundinaceus Willd. This method involves dividing the parent clump into smaller sections and planting them in other parts of the garden. Division should be done in the spring or fall when the plant is dormant. Carefully dig out the parent clump and use a sharp knife to divide the clump into smaller sections. Replant the smaller sections into the ground and water them well.
Cutting:
Propagation of Andropogon arundinaceus Willd. through cuttings involves taking stem cuttings from the parent plant and planting them in the ground or in a container. Cuttings should be taken during the early summer when the plant is actively growing. Select a healthy stem, remove the leaves from the bottom half of the stem, and cut it just below a node. Dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone and plant it in a container or in the ground. Water the cutting well and keep it moist until roots develop.
Disease and Pest Management for Andropogon arundinaceus Willd.
Andropogon arundinaceus Willd., commonly known as big bluestem, is a native grass of the tallgrass prairie region in North America. It is commonly used for forage, erosion control, and ornamental purposes. However, like all plants, big bluestem is susceptible to various diseases and pests. Here are some common issues that might affect big bluestem and ways to manage them:
Diseases:
Fungal diseases: Big bluestem is prone to several fungal diseases, including rusts, smuts, and leaf spots. These diseases manifest in the form of leaf discoloration, wilting, and overall stunted growth. To manage fungal diseases, avoid overhead watering and use a fungicide if necessary. In addition, always clean garden tools to avoid spreading fungal spores between plants.
Viral diseases: There are no known specific viral diseases that affect big bluestem, although it is still crucial to monitor the plants for any unusual symptoms. However, the grass can also act as a host for viruses that affect other plants, so it's important to dispose of any infected plant material to prevent the spread of the disease.
Pests:
Grasshoppers: Grasshoppers are common pests in prairie habitats and can quickly defoliate big bluestem plants. To manage grasshoppers, use insecticides or biological control methods like introducing predators or parasites that feed on the pests.
Spider mites: These small arachnids can cause discoloration and wilting on big bluestem leaves. To control spider mites, use insecticidal soap or a miticide. Additionally, ensure adequate watering and avoid over-fertilizing, as spider mites tend to thrive in dry, nutrient-rich environments.
Cutworms: Cutworms are common in young big bluestem plants, and they can sever seedlings at the soil line. To manage cutworms, use insecticides or biological control methods like introducing parasitic wasps that feed on cutworm larvae.
Regular monitoring and proper maintenance can help prevent diseases and pests from affecting big bluestem plants. Keeping a clean and healthy garden can go a long way in promoting a healthy environment for plants.
