Overview
Anagallis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis, commonly known as scarlet pimpernel or poorman's barometer, is a herbaceous annual plant belonging to the family Primulaceae. The plant is native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia, but can also be found in many other parts of the world. The scarlet pimpernel is a small plant that grows to a height of 5-30 cm and has bright red or orange flowers.
Appearance
The plant's stem is weak and sprawling, with the flowers appearing at the end of the stem. The leaves are pinnate and alternate, and the plant produces small fruits that contain numerous seeds.
Uses
Scarlet pimpernel has been used for various medicinal purposes for centuries. The plant has been found to contain several alkaloids, which have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The plant has also been used as a traditional remedy for skin disorders, respiratory ailments, and digestive issues. Scarlet pimpernel is also used in homeopathy for various ailments. In addition, this plant is used in the ornamental industry as it provides bright colors and small flowers that make it a good option for gardens and borders.
Scarlet pimpernel is also known for its use in folklore and literature. It is mentioned in the famous novel "The Scarlet Pimpernel" by Baroness Orczy, published in 1905, which tells the story of a hero with a secret identity who helps French aristocrats escape the guillotine during the French Revolution.
Overall, Anagallis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis is a versatile plant that has many uses and is cherished for its bright and attractive flowers.
Light Requirements
Anagallis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis is a plant that prefers full sun exposure. This means that at least six hours of direct sunlight is essential for its growth. Lack of proper sunlight exposure leads to stunted growth, weak stems, and low flowering.
Temperature Requirements
Anagallis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis can withstand a broad range of temperatures. However, it thrives best in warm temperatures between 65- and 75-degrees Fahrenheit. Temperatures exceeding 85-degree Fahrenheit prohibit plant growth.
Soil Requirements
The Anagallis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis grows in various soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clayey soils. However, the soil should be well-drained since waterlogged plants can cause root rot. Nutrient-rich soil also promotes robust growth and beautiful blooms.
Cultivation Methods
Anagallis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis, commonly known as scarlet pimpernel, is an annual plant species that is easy to grow. It does well in most soil types but prefers well-drained, moist soil that is slightly acidic. It does best in full sun but can tolerate partial shade, especially in hot climates.
Propagation can be done from seed or by transplanting seedlings. Sow the seeds in spring or early summer after the frost has passed. Prepare the soil by clearing debris and loosening the topsoil to a depth of about 2 inches. Scatter the seeds evenly and cover them with a thin layer of soil, around 1/4 inch. Water the seeds gently but thoroughly, keeping the soil moist but not waterlogged. Seedlings will emerge in 7 to 14 days and should be thinned to a spacing of 6-12 inches when they reach 2 to 3 inches tall. By thinning, the plants will have more air around them, reducing the risk of fungal diseases.
Watering Needs
Anagallis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis should be watered regularly, especially during periods of drought. Water deeply and infrequently to encourage deep root growth. The frequency of watering will depend on the weather conditions, soil type, and the plant's growth stage. During early growth, keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. In case the plant is grown in a container, ensure that the pot has drainage holes to prevent waterlogging.
Fertilization
Anagallis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis requires minimum fertilization, and too much fertilizer can lead to light-green foliage with less vigorous growth. During the growing period, apply an all-purpose slow-release fertilizer to the soil. Use the recommended rate on the label carefully and spread it over the base of the plants, keeping a distance of 4-6 inches from the stem. Organic fertilizers rich in potassium will enhance the color of the flowers, and phosphorus will stimulate blooming. Fertilize once a month, adjusting the frequency according to the plant's response.
Pruning
Pruning Anagallis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis is not necessary, but it can be done to control its growth and shape. It is best to prune the plant when it is young to encourage bushier growth. Pinch the tips of the stem when the plant has three or four leaves. This will force more stems from the side and encourage a compact shape. Deadheading of the faded blooms is recommended to stimulate further flowering and tidy up the plant's appearance. Remove any yellow or diseased leaves as soon as possible to reduce the risk of fungal infections.
Propagation of Anagallis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis
Anagallis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis, also known as scarlet pimpernel, is a flowering plant that belongs to the Primulaceae family. It is a low-growing plant that produces small, scarlet or blue flowers that bloom from May to September. Propagation of Anagallis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis could be done through the following methods:
Seed propagation
Propagation of Anagallis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis from seeds is relatively easy. Seeds should be sown in the early spring, in well-draining soil with a pH of 6.5 to 7.5. Scarification of seeds is not necessary as the seeds have a soft coat that easily absorbs water. Seeds should be sown at a depth of 1 to 2 cm, then covered with a thin layer of soil. Water the seeds well and place them in a warm location with bright, indirect light. The seeds will germinate in 10 to 14 days.
Vegetative propagation
Propagation of Anagallis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis from cuttings is possible but not commonly used. Cuttings should be taken from mature plants in the early summer when the plant is actively growing. Cuttings should be 7 to 10 cm long, with at least three nodes. Remove the leaves from the lower half of the cutting and dip it in rooting hormone. Place the cutting in well-draining soil with a pH of 6.5 to 7.5, water well, and cover it with a plastic bag to create a humid environment. The cutting should root within 2 to 3 weeks.
Disease Management
Anagallis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis, commonly known as Scarlet pimpernel or Red pimpernel, is susceptible to several diseases. The most common diseases that affect this plant are:
- Powdery mildew: This fungal disease appears as a white powdery layer on the surface of the leaves and stems. To manage this disease, one should keep the plant well-ventilated. Also, it is recommended to remove and destroy the infected leaves and stems.
- Crown rot: This disease is caused by the fungus Phythophthora cactorum and can cause the plant to wither and die. To manage this disease, one should avoid overwatering the plant and maintain proper drainage. Also, it is recommended to remove and destroy the infected plant material.
- Leaf spot: This disease is caused by a fungus that appears as brown or black spots on the leaves. To manage this disease, one should remove and destroy the infected leaves and stems. Also, one should avoid watering the plant from overhead.
- Root rot: This disease is caused by the fungus Fusarium solani and can cause the plant to wilt and die. To manage this disease, one should maintain proper drainage and avoid overwatering the plant.
Pest Management
Anagallis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis is also susceptible to several pests. The most common pests that affect this plant are:
- Aphids: These insects feed on the sap of the plant and can cause stunted growth and yellowing of the leaves. To manage these pests, one can use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Spider mites: These tiny insects feed on the plant cells and can cause yellowing and browning of the leaves. To manage these pests, one can use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Thrips: These insects feed on the leaves and flowers of the plant and can cause deformations and discolorations. To manage these pests, one can use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Slugs and snails: These pests feed on the leaves and can cause large holes in them. To manage these pests, one can place slug and snail traps or use iron phosphate baits.
