Anacharis canadensis (Michx.) Planch.
Anacharis canadensis (Michx.) Planch., commonly known as Canadian waterweed or waterweed, is a submerged aquatic plant that can be found in freshwater habitats across North America. It is a member of the family Hydrocharitaceae and is native to Canada and the United States.
Appearance
The plant has long, slender stems that can reach up to 3 meters in length. Its leaves are arranged in whorls of 4-8 and are about 1-3 cm long. The leaves are dark green and have a needle-like shape, with serrated edges. The plant has small, inconspicuous flowers that grow on separate male and female plants.
Uses
Anacharis canadensis is commonly used in aquariums as an oxygenating plant. It is also used in outdoor garden ponds to help control algae growth and improve water quality. In addition, the plant is an important food source for aquatic birds and animals, and provides habitat for aquatic insects and fish.
Although Anacharis canadensis has many benefits in aquatic environments, it can also become invasive and disrupt native ecosystems. As such, it is important to take measures to control its growth and spread.
Light Requirements
Anacharis canadensis requires moderate to high levels of light exposure for optimal growth. Insufficient light intensity may result in yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and shedding of the lower leaves. Therefore, it is recommended to place the plant in a location that receives 4-6 hours of direct sunlight a day or install artificial lighting with a minimum of 1500 lumens per square foot for at least 10-12 hours per day.
Temperature Requirements
As a native species of North America, Anacharis canadensis can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. The plant can grow in temperatures ranging from 7°C to 30°C, however, it grows optimally at temperatures between 20°C to 25°C. The water temperature of its aquatic environment should not exceed 30°C, as it may result in the death of the plant. During winter months, it is recommended to keep the water temperature at 18-20°C for proper growth.
Soil and Water Requirements
Anacharis canadensis is primarily an aquatic plant, and it does not require soil to grow. It can easily grow floating in the water or can be anchored in the substrate. However, if it is planted in a substrate, using nutrient-rich soil can help improve its growth. The plant requires clean and nutrient-rich water for its growth. It can tolerate a pH range from 6.5-7.8 and a hardness range from 2-15 dGH. Additionally, good water circulation in the tank or pond can prevent the formation of algae and promote the plant's growth.
Cultivation Methods
Anacharis canadensis is an easy plant to cultivate and is perfect for beginners. It can be grown in both indoor and outdoor settings. The plant should be planted in nutrient-rich soil that provides the necessary minerals and nutrients. It can also be grown in a hydroponic setup, which provides optimum nutrient supply and faster growth. The plant needs adequate sunlight, so it should be grown in a location that receives about six hours of sunlight per day.Watering Needs
Anacharis canadensis is a freshwater plant, and it requires consistent moisture. The plant should be watered once a week or when the soil begins to dry out. It is essential to maintain the water pH level between 6.5 to 7.5 for optimum growth. The water must be free from chlorine and other harmful chemicals that can damage the plant.Fertilization
To promote healthy growth, the plant requires constant feeding. A balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 20-20-20 is ideal for the plant's nutritional needs. The plant should be fed once every two weeks, and the feeding frequency should be reduced during winter when the plant is dormant.Pruning
Anacharis canadensis is a fast-growing plant, and regular pruning is necessary to prevent overgrowth and maintain its shape. Dead and yellowing leaves should be removed to enhance the plant's overall health. Care should be taken not to over-prune, as it can weaken the plant and affect its growth. Trim the tip of the plant frequently to promote bushy growth and prevent it from growing too tall.Propagation of Anacharis canadensis
Anacharis canadensis, also known as Canadian waterweed, is a fast-growing aquatic plant that is easy to propagate. Propagation can be done through several methods which are discussed below:
Propagating through stem cuttings
One of the most common methods of propagating Anacharis canadensis is through stem cuttings. Choose a healthy stem and cut it into sections about 2-3 inches long with a sharp knife or scissors. Remove the lower leaves and plant the cutting into the substrate. Within a few weeks, roots will start to appear, and the plant will begin to grow.
Propagating through runners
Anacharis canadensis can also propagate through runners. These runners are stems that grow horizontally along the substrate and can produce plantlets. Wait until the plantlets are big enough to be separated from the mother plant and plant them into another substrate.
Propagating through division
Another way to propagate Anacharis canadensis is through division. This method involves separating the plant into smaller sections and replanting them. Carefully dig up the plant and gently separate the roots into sections. Each section should have some stems and leaves attached, and then plant them into the substrate.
Propagating through seeds
Although Anacharis canadensis can produce seeds, propagating through seeds is not a common method. The seeds can be difficult to germinate and take longer to grow. Collect the seeds once the plant has flowered, then keep them moist and planted into a substrate.
Overall, Anacharis canadensis is an easy aquatic plant to propagate through stem cuttings, runners, division or even seeds if harder. Propagation is an ideal way to make new plants and you can propagate it using your desired method whatever suits you better.
Disease Management for Anacharis canadensis
Anacharis canadensis is generally a resilient plant species, but it can be subject to diseases that may reduce plant health and growth. Here are some common diseases that may affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Cottony Growth Disease
Cottony growth disease is a common fungal infection that can affect Anacharis canadensis. The disease usually appears as a white or gray fuzzy growth on the leaves and stems of the plant. To manage this disease, it is recommended that affected plants be removed and disposed of immediately. The remaining healthy plants may be sprayed with a fungicide as a preventative measure.
Bacterial Soft Rot
Bacterial soft rot is another common disease that affects Anacharis canadensis. The disease usually presents with black spots and the leaves and stems of the plant may appear slimy and rotten. To manage bacterial soft rot, affected plants must be removed, and any remaining healthy plants should be irrigated carefully and treated with a broad-spectrum bactericide.
Pest Management for Anacharis canadensis
Anacharis canadensis is typically not at risk from pest infestations. However, some pests may occasionally affect the plant:
Snails and Slugs
Snails and slugs are common pests that may affect Anacharis canadensis. These pests can cause significant damage to the plant, including holes and pits in the leaves and stems. To manage this pest, you should remove any snails or slugs found on or near the plant. An alternative is to create a barrier around the plant using diatomaceous earth or copper tape.
Aphids
Aphids may occasionally infest Anacharis canadensis and can cause extensive damage to the plant by sucking sap from the leaves and stems. To remove aphids, you may wash the affected plant using a strong jet of water. You may also use an insecticidal soap as an alternative.
By properly managing pests and diseases, you can maintain a healthy population of Anacharis canadensis, which can provide numerous benefits to both aquatic environments and aquariums.
