Overview
Ampelocissus pulchra Gilg, also known as the velvet creeper, is a flowering plant and member of the family Vitaceae. This species is widely distributed throughout Africa and is commonly found in secondary forests and forests edges.
Appearance
The velvet creeper is a climbing vine that can reach up to 10 meters in length. It has woody stems, with young stems being green and older stems turning brown. The leaves of Ampelocissus pulchra Gilg are dark green with a velvet texture, hence the common name. The leaves are round to oblong in shape, with serrated edges and can grow up to 10 cm in diameter.
Common Names
The velvet creeper has many common names including velvet-leaved vine, wild grape, and kitungitungi. In West Africa, it is known as banana shikap, while in East Africa, it is known as mbaratumu and mbaratutu.
Uses
Ampelocissus pulchra Gilg has a variety of uses in traditional medicine. In Nigeria, the leaves and root are used for the treatment of wounds, fever, and as a purgative. In Ghana, the fruit is used as a remedy for stomach ulcers. Additionally, the leaves and stem of the velvet creeper have been used for basket weaving and crafting.
Overall, Ampelocissus pulchra Gilg is a versatile plant that is valued for its medicinal properties and traditional uses in artisanship.Light Requirements
Ampelocissus pulchra Gilg thrives in bright light conditions, which can range from partial shade to full sun exposure. The plant typically grows best in partially shaded areas where it can receive ample indirect sunlight. Direct exposure to sunlight for long periods may cause damage to the leaves and hinder the plant's growth.
Temperature Requirements
Ampelocissus pulchra Gilg prefers a warm and humid environment throughout the year. The ideal temperature range for healthy growth of the plant is between 20 and 30 °C. During winter, the plant may tolerate cooler temperatures, but they should not drop below 10°C. The plant cannot withstand frost or very cold temperatures.
Soil Requirements
Ampelocissus pulchra Gilg thrives in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The pH of the soil should be slightly acidic to neutral, with a range of 6.0 to 7.5. It is recommended to ensure good drainage by adding sand, peat, or perlite to the soil mix. Too much moisture can lead to root rot, which can be fatal to the plant.
Cultivation Methods
Ampelocissus pulchra Gilg is a climbing vine that requires support for it to thrive. You can train it to grow on trellises or poles, and it adapts well to both indoor and outdoor cultivation. Before planting, ensure the selected location has well-draining soil and receives filtered sunlight. The plant does well in warm temperatures but cannot tolerate excessive heat or frost.
Watering Needs
Ampelocissus pulchra Gilg requires moderate watering, generally once or twice a week. However, the frequency may vary, depending on environmental factors such as humidity and heat. The soil should remain adequately moist but not waterlogged since the plant is susceptible to root rot. If you're unsure of the amount of water to give, feel the soil's surface, and water it when it starts to dry out.
Fertilization
Fertilize your Ampelocissus pulchra Gilg plant every four to six weeks during the growing season, which is typically from spring to early fall. Use a balanced fertilizer or one that's slightly higher in phosphorus to promote root and flower development. Be careful not to over-fertilize, as this can lead to salt buildup in the soil, which can damage the plant.
Pruning
To keep your Ampelocissus pulchra Gilg plant healthy and tidy, prune it regularly. Focus on removing dead or diseased leaves, stems, and branches. Cut back the plant's tendrils to promote fuller growth and prevent it from becoming too leggy. You can also cut back the plant to control its size if it becomes too large. Pruning should ideally be performed during the plant's dormant season in late winter or early spring.
Propagation of Ampelocissus pulchra Gilg
Ampelocissus pulchra Gilg can be propagated through various methods, including:
Seed Propagation
The plant can be propagated by seeds, which should be sown in a well-draining and fertile soil mix. The seeds should be placed on the surface of the soil, and covered with a thin layer of soil mix. The soil should be kept moist, and the container should be placed in a warm and bright location. Germination can take up to four weeks.
Stem Cuttings Propagation
The plant can also be propagated by stem cuttings, which should be taken from healthy and pest-free plants. Cuttings should be taken from semi-hardwood stems, and should be at least 4 inches in length. Cuttings should be stripped of their leaves, except for the top two leaves. Cuttings should then be dipped in rooting hormone and planted in a well-draining soil mix. The soil should be kept moist, and the container should be placed in a bright and warm location. Roots can form within 3-4 weeks.
Air Layering Propagation
Air layering is another method of propagating Ampelocissus pulchra Gilg. This method involves making a cut in the stem, and applying rooting hormone to the area. A moist medium, such as sphagnum moss, is then wrapped around the cut, and covered with plastic wrap. Roots will form within a few weeks, and once they have grown sufficiently, the new plant can be cut from the parent plant and potted in a new container.
Regardless of the propagation method used, newly propagated plants should be kept in a warm and bright location, and be watered regularly until they have established well.
Disease and Pest Management for Ampelocissus pulchra Gilg
Ampelocissus pulchra Gilg, commonly known as the "frosted grapevine," is a beautiful plant that is susceptible to various diseases and pests that can negatively affect its growth and appearance. Here's a rundown of some common ailments that might impact your plant, along with a few tips on how to keep it healthy and vibrant:
Common Diseases
Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew is a common fungal disease that often affects the leaves of plants, creating a powdery white film that covers the surface. Humid conditions and poor air circulation can contribute to its development. To manage this disease, remove infected leaves and maintain good air circulation around the plant. Use of fungicides may also help to prevent the spread of powdery mildew.
Anthracnose: Anthracnose is another fungal disease that can cause the leave, stem, and fruit of a plant to turn dark and wilt. Wet weather and poorly drained soil can contribute to its development. To manage this disease, prune affected parts of the plant and maintain proper drainage to prevent excess moisture. Use of fungicides can also help to prevent the spread of anthracnose.
Bacterial Leaf Spot: Bacterial leaf spot is a disease caused by a bacteria that can create black or brown spots on the plant's leaves. Contaminated soil, water and equipment can lead to the spread of this disease. To manage bacterial leaf spot, remove infected leaves as soon as they appear and avoid overwatering the plant. Use of copper-based fungicides can also help to prevent the spread of bacterial leaf spot.
Common Pests
Aphids: Aphids are small insects that suck the sap from various parts of the plant, causing wilting, deformation or discoloration of the foliage. They also excrete a sticky liquid that can encourage the growth of sooty mold. To manage aphids, use insecticidal soap or neem oil as a natural insecticide, or release beneficial insects like ladybugs or lacewings that feed on aphids.
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that create spider-like webs on the plant's leaves. They create yellowish spots on leaves because they suck out the plant sap, creating damage and making it look unhealthy. To manage spider mites, you can use insecticidal soaps, oils, or predatory mites that feed on spider mites can also be used.
Scale Insects: Scale insects attack various parts of the plant, including the leaves, branches, and fruit, causing them to turn brown. It's common to find scale insects on woody plants, like the Ampelocissus pulchra Gilg, during spring and summer. To manage scale insects, prune and discard heavily affected parts of the plant, or use neem oil or insecticidal soap.
Overall, keep a close eye on your Ampelocissus pulchra Gilg. By promptly identifying and addressing any disease or pest problems, you can help keep your plant healthy and thriving.
