Overview
Ampelocissus obtusata is a climbing plant species commonly known as the Velvet Leaf. It belongs to the Vitaceae family and is native to tropical Africa, specifically Angola, Congo, and Tanzania. The species is used for a multitude of traditional medicinal purposes and widely cultivated for its ornamental value.
Appearance
The plant has a slender but woody stem that can grow up to 15 meters long. It attaches itself to its climbing surface with tendrils that emerge from the opposite side of the leaves. The leaves are large, commonly measuring about 10 centimeters by 7 centimeters, and are leathery with a velvety texture. The Velvet Leaf bears small flowers tightly packed on a spike-like inflorescence, which later develop into small purplish-black berries.
Uses
The plant is used for a variety of traditional medicinal purposes, mainly in Africa, where it is indigenous. Its leaves, bark, and roots are boiled to create decoctions which are used to treat several ailments, including wounds, diarrhea, fever, and respiratory problems. The decoctions are also used as a laxative and for managing stomach ulcers and infertility.
In some parts of Africa, the plant is also used to mitigate snake venom effects. The leaves are crushed and applied to the wound to reduce swelling, pain and to manage the consequent side effects. Apart from its medicinal value, the Velvet Leaf is widely grown for its ornamental value as it is a beautiful plant that adds vibrancy and life to any space it is planted in.
In conclusion, Ampelocissus obtusata, also known as the Velvet Leaf, is an ornamental climbing plant indigenous to tropical Africa with substantial traditional medicinal uses. It is an attractive addition to any garden, and its various parts are boiled to create decoctions widely used for various traditional medicinal purposes.Light Requirements
Ampelocissus obtusata typically thrives in bright and indirect sunlight. However, it can also tolerate light levels ranging from partial shade to full sun exposure.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is native to tropical and subtropical regions and can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. It thrives well in temperatures between 18°C to 30°C (64°F to 86°F) but can survive at temperatures as low as 10°C (50°F). It is advisable to keep the plant away from cold drafts and frost.
Soil Requirements
Ampelocissus obtusata requires well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It prefers a slightly acidic to neutral soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0. The soil should also be moist but not waterlogged. It is important to note that the plant is sensitive to soil salinity. Thus, it is recommended to avoid using salty water or fertilizer in the soil.
Cultivation
Ampelocissus obtusata is a climbing plant and requires support structures such as trellises, stakes or walls to grow vertically. It thrives in well-drained, fertile soil in areas with partial shade to full sun exposure.
This plant is sensitive to frost and should be protected during cold weather. It is best grown in zones 9 through 11.
Watering Needs
Ampelocissus obtusata requires regular watering, especially during hot and dry periods. Water should be applied at the base of the plant and not on the foliage to reduce the risk of disease.
It is important not to overwater the plant as this may lead to root rot. Watering every 3-4 days or according to soil moisture is a good starting point.
Fertilization
To encourage healthy growth and flowering, Ampelocissus obtusata requires regular fertilization. A balanced, slow-release fertilizer should be applied at the beginning of the growing season, usually in spring.
Additional fertilizer applications may be needed every 4-6 weeks during the growing season, especially if the plant is showing signs of nutrient deficiencies.
Pruning
Pruning Ampelocissus obtusata is necessary to maintain its shape and size. It is usually done in late winter or early spring before new growth appears.
Dead or damaged branches should be removed to prevent the spread of diseases. The plant can be trained to grow in a specific direction by pruning unwanted branches or shoots.
It is important not to remove more than one-third of the plant's growth during pruning to avoid stressing the plant.
Propagation of Ampelocissus obtusata
Ampelocissus obtusata (Welw. ex Baker) Planch. subsp. obtusata, commonly known as the Bushman's Grape, is a species of vine that belongs to the grape family. Propagating this plant requires a bit of patience, but it can be done using various methods:
Propagation by Seeds
The easiest way to propagate Ampelocissus obtusata is through seeds. Collect seeds from ripe fruits, clean them, and put them in a potting mix. Cover the mix with clear plastic, place it in a warm place, and wait for the seeds to sprout. Once the seedlings are large enough, transplant them into larger pots or in a garden.
Propagation by Cuttings
Another way to propagate Ampelocissus obtusata is through softwood cuttings. Take cuttings of about 8-10 cm long and dip them in rooting hormone powder. Place them in a well-draining potting mix and keep the mix moist. Cover the pot with a clear plastic bag to maintain humidity and place it in a shaded area. Once roots start to show, remove the cover and transplant the cuttings into individual pots or directly to the garden.
Propagation by Layering
The layering method involves bending a stem down to the ground and covering part of it with soil or compost. After a while, roots will sprout from the covered part, and a new plant will form. Once rooted, cut the new plant from the parent and plant it in a pot or in the garden.
No matter which propagation method you choose, ensure to keep the soil or potting mix consistently moist and in a shaded area until the plant is well established.
Disease Management
Ampelocissus obtusata is relatively a resistant plant species, but it can still fall prey to some diseases.
One of the most common diseases that affect the plant is powdery mildew. Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that appears as a white or gray powdery substance on the leaves. To manage powdery mildew, remove infected leaves immediately, increase air circulation around the plant, and avoid overwatering the plant.
Another disease that can affect the plant is leaf spot. Leaf spots are fungal or bacterial diseases that appear as small yellow or brown spots on the leaves. To manage leaf spots, remove infected leaves immediately, avoid overhead watering, and apply a copper fungicide to the plant.
Pest Management
Ampelocissus obtusata can also fall prey to some pests, including spider mites and mealybugs.
Spider mites are tiny pests that appear as tiny red or black specks on the underside of leaves. They can cause yellowing or browning of leaves. To manage spider mites, increase humidity around the plant, keep the plant well-watered, and apply insecticidal soap.
Mealybugs are small, white, cottony pests that suck the sap from the plant, causing stunted growth, yellowing, and wilting. To manage mealybugs, remove the infected plant parts, wipe the leaves with alcohol, and apply insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Regular monitoring of the plant can help prevent disease and pest infestations. Use sterile tools when working on the plant and avoid over-fertilizing to prevent stress on the plant.
