Overview
Ampelocissus cavicaulis, also known as the African grape vine or liana, is a species of climbing plant in the Vitaceae family. It is found in Central Africa and is known for its edible fruits and medicinal properties.
Appearance
Ampelocissus cavicaulis has woody stems and can grow up to 15 meters long. Its leaves are green and glossy with a heart-shaped base divided into 3-5 lobes. The plant produces small, greenish-white flowers which develop into clusters of delicious and juicy dark-purple fruits, resembling grapes, with a diameter of about 10 mm.
Uses
The fruits of Ampelocissus cavicaulis are edible and have a sweet, juicy taste, making them a popular snack in Central Africa. The plant is also used for medicinal purposes. The sap of the stem and leaves is used to treat skin infections, wounds, and snakebites. The roots and stem bark have antibacterial properties and are used to purify water and treat dysentery and other gastrointestinal disorders.
The plant can also be grown for ornamental purposes, with its vines climbing up walls or trees and adding a touch of greenery to any landscape. Ampelocissus cavicaulis is a hardy plant that is easy to propagate and grow, making it an excellent choice for gardeners and horticulturists.
Common Names
Ampelocissus cavicaulis is known by several names across Central Africa, including African grape vine, Liana, Liane, Efo yanrin, Iya ile, Ijoloke and Ahotulu.
Light Requirements
Ampelocissus cavicaulis requires bright light for full growth and development. Lack of sufficient light can cause the plant to become spindly and weak. Direct sunlight for a few hours a day is ideal for this plant to thrive. However, placing the plant in direct sunlight for extended periods may cause leaf scorch or sunburn.
Temperature Requirements
Ampelocissus cavicaulis prefers warm temperatures ranging between 18 to 28°C (65 to 82°F). Avoid exposing the plant to temperatures below 15°C (59°F) or sudden temperature drops, as this may cause leaf drop or stunted growth. Temperatures above 32°C (90°F) can also be detrimental to the plant's growth.
Soil Requirements
Ampelocissus cavicaulis thrives in well-draining, fertile soil for optimal growth. The plant requires soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH range of between 6.0 to 7.0. The soil should also be rich in organic matter and should retain moisture without becoming waterlogged. A suitable potting mix for this plant can include a mixture of peat, perlite, and coarse sand in equal proportions.
Cultivation
Ampelocissus cavicaulis is typically a tropical and subtropical plant. Therefore, it requires warm temperatures to grow successfully. It can withstand a broad range of altitudes and is relatively easy to cultivate. The plant prefers bright, indirect light. A partially shaded position protects the plant from direct sunlight, making it less prone to sunburn.
Watering needs
Ampelocissus cavicaulis prefers consistently moist soil with good drainage. Watering should be done regularly to maintain the soil's moisture content. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while under watering can damage plant growth. Proper watering is essential to maintaining the plant's health, and during hot weather, the plant may require more watering.
Fertilization
The ideal soil pH for growing Vedalia is between 6.0 and 7.0. Soil acidity can affect the plant's nutrient intake. During the growing seasons of spring and summer, fertilize the plant every 2-3 weeks using a well-balanced, water-soluble fertilizer. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for the correct application rate.
Pruning
Regular pruning of the plant can promote healthy growth and improve its appearance. The best time to prune Ampelocissus cavicaulis is during the dormant season from late autumn to early winter. Prune back stems to desired length or shape, and remove any damaged or diseased branches. It is essential to use a clean and sharp pair of pruning shears to prevent further damage to the plant.
Propagation of Ampelocissus cavicaulis (Baker) Planch.
Ampelocissus cavicaulis (Baker) Planch., also known as the White Raisin Vine, is a climbing plant species that belongs to the Vitaceae family. Propagation refers to the process of producing new plants from existing ones. In this regard, propagation of Ampelocissus cavicaulis can be done through the following methods:
Seed Propagation
Using seeds is one of the most common methods for propagating Ampelocissus cavicaulis. The seeds can be collected from ripe fruits and should be washed and dried before planting. It is recommended to plant the seeds in a well-draining soil mix in a pot or tray. The pot or tray should then be covered with a clear plastic sheet or placed in a humid environment to maintain moisture levels. The seeds take about 2-3 weeks to germinate, and once the seedlings have reached about 2-3 inches in height, they can be transplanted to individual containers.
Stem Cutting Propagation
Stem cutting is another method used to propagate Ampelocissus cavicaulis. The cutting should be about 4-6 inches long and should have at least three nodes. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone before planting in a well-draining soil mix. It is recommended to plant cuttings directly into individual containers rather than a common pot or tray. The planted cuttings should be watered frequently and kept in a shaded area. The roots begin to form in about two weeks, and after about a month, they can be transplanted to a bigger pot or garden bed.
Air Layering Propagation
Air layering is a propagation technique used in plants that are difficult to root from cuttings. It can be employed for Ampelocissus cavicaulis by selecting a healthy stem from a parent plant and making a small cut in the bark about 6-8 inches from the tip. A rooting paste or hormone is applied to the cut area, and the wound is wrapped with sphagnum moss. The moisturized moss is then covered with a plastic bag to maintain humidity levels. After several weeks, roots will form, and the rooted section can be planted as an individual plant.
Disease Management
Ampelocissus cavicaulis is susceptible to several diseases that can cause severe damage to the plant. Some of the common diseases that affect the plant include:
- Anthracnose: This disease is caused by a fungus and results in the formation of dark, sunken lesions on leaves and stems. To manage anthracnose, remove and destroy all infected plant debris, avoid overhead watering, and apply a fungicide to prevent further spread.
- Powdery mildew: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. It is characterized by a white or gray powdery coating. To manage powdery mildew, remove and destroy all infected plant debris, maintain good air circulation, and apply a fungicide as needed.
- Downy mildew: Downy mildew is a fungal disease that causes yellowing and wilting of the leaves. It is characterized by a white or grayish mold on the underside of the leaves. To manage downy mildew, remove and destroy all infected plant debris, improve air circulation, and avoid overhead watering. Fungicides can also be applied to prevent further spread.
Pest Management
Ampelocissus cavicaulis is also susceptible to several pests that can cause severe damage to the plant. Some common pests that may affect the plant include:
- Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that suck the sap from the leaves of the plant, causing yellowing and wilting. To manage spider mites, use a strong jet of water to knock them off the plant or apply insecticidal soap or neem oil to control their population.
- Mealybugs: Mealybugs are small, white, cotton-like pests that feed on the sap of the plant, causing wilting and stunted growth. To manage mealybugs, remove them manually with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol or insecticidal soap, or use predatory insects like ladybugs to control their population.
- Scale insects: Scale insects are small, oval-shaped pests that attach themselves to the stems and leaves of the plant. They suck the sap from the plant, causing yellowing and wilting. To manage scale insects, use a cotton swab dipped in alcohol to remove them manually, or apply neem oil or insecticidal soap to control their population.
