Introduction
Alnus viridis (Vill.) Lam. & DC. ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill is a deciduous shrub that belongs to the Betulaceae family. It is also commonly known as green alder or mountain alder.Origin
Alnus viridis (Vill.) Lam. & DC. ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill is found in many parts of the northern hemisphere including North America, Europe, and Asia. It prefers moist soil and is typically found near streams, rivers, and wetlands.General Appearance
Alnus viridis (Vill.) Lam. & DC. ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill grows up to 6 meters tall and has a dense branching habit. The bark is smooth and grayish-brown in color. The leaves are dark green, alternate, and oval-shaped with a serrated edge. The male flowers are slender catkins, and the female flowers are small cones that eventually mature into woody fruit clusters.Uses
The bark, leaves, and roots of Alnus viridis (Vill.) Lam. & DC. ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill have a long history of medicinal use in traditional/native medicine. They contain tannins, flavonoids, and other compounds that have anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties. The plant has been used to treat various ailments such as skin ulcers, rheumatism, and fever. In addition, Alnus viridis is also used for erosion control, reforestation, and as ornamental plants in gardens or parks. The deep root system of the plant helps prevent soil erosion and stabilize riverbanks. The plant's attractive foliage, fruit, and bark add to the aesthetic of any garden or landscape. Overall, Alnus viridis (Vill.) Lam. & DC. ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill is a versatile plant that provides many benefits and is a valuable addition to any ecosystem.Growth Conditions for Alnus viridis ssp. crispa
Light: Alnus viridis ssp. crispa grows well in partial to full shade. It prefers areas that receive an average of 70% shade, but can tolerate up to 90% shade. Full sun may cause leaf scorching or stunted growth.
Temperature: Alnus viridis ssp. crispa is adaptable to a range of temperatures, but grows best in a cool, moist environment. It is typically found at higher elevations in mountainous regions where temperatures are cooler. The ideal temperature range for growth falls between 15-21°C during the day and 5-10°C at night.
Soil: Alnus viridis ssp. crispa prefers well-drained soils that are moist but not waterlogged. It can grow in a wide range of soil types, including loamy, sandy, and clay soils. However, it responds the best to fertile, silty loam soils with a pH of 5.5-7.5. It is also capable of thriving in soils that are nutrient-poor and have low organic matter.
Cultivation Methods for Alnus Viridis ssp. Crispa
Alnus viridis ssp. crispa is a shrub found in many regions of northern hemisphere. It can grow in full sun and partial shade, and prefers soil that is moist and well-drained with a pH range of 5.0-7.5. It can be propagated by cuttings taken in late spring and early summer or by seed sown in fall.
Watering Needs for Alnus Viridis ssp. Crispa
While the Alnus viridis ssp. crispa prefers moist soil, it is important not to overwater it. When newly planted, it should be watered deeply twice a week. Mature plants require watering only during prolonged periods of drought. It is better to water deeply once or twice a week rather than giving frequent shallow waterings.
Fertilization for Alnus Viridis ssp. Crispa
Alnus viridis ssp. crispa does not require excessive fertilization. However, in the absence of a well-formulated and balanced soil, it can be supplemented with a slow-release fertilizer during its growing season, early in spring, after pruning or during fall months throughout the hardiness zone. High nitrogen fertilizers should be avoided, as they promote excessive green growth at the expense of flower and fruit formation.
Pruning for Alnus Viridis ssp. Crispa
Alnus viridis ssp. crispa can be pruned in early spring, before new growth begins. Dead or damaged branches should be removed as soon as possible after the damage occurs. Pruning should be light and minimal, focusing only on the removal of crossed branches and those affecting the symmetry of the shrub. It is important to remember that excessive pruning can cause undue stress to the shrub.
Propagation of Alnus viridis ssp. crispa
Alnus viridis ssp. crispa can be propagated by several methods, including seed germination, vegetative propagation, and layering.
Seed Germination
Seed germination is the most common propagation method for Alnus viridis ssp. crispa. The seeds should be sown in the fall and kept moist over the winter. Germination should occur in the spring. The seedlings should be planted in a nursery for one to two years before being transplanted to their permanent location.
Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation is another option for Alnus viridis ssp. crispa. This method involves taking stem cuttings from the parent plant and rooting them in a medium such as sand or vermiculite. Cutting propagation is typically done in the summer. It is important to keep the cuttings moist and in a warm location until they establish roots. Once rooted, the new plants can be transplanted to a nursery for one to two years before being moved to their permanent location.
Layering
Layering is a propagation method in which a branch is pinned to the ground and allowed to develop roots. Once the roots have formed, the new individual can be separated from the parent plant and transplanted. Layering can be done in the spring or in the fall, with the newly separated plants being transplanted to the nursery for one to two years before being moved to their permanent location.
Disease Management
Alnus viridis ssp. crispa can be affected by various diseases that can significantly impact the plant's growth and productivity. Some common diseases include:
- Phytophthora root rot: This disease is caused by the Phytophthora fungus, which attacks plant roots and causes rotting. The best way to manage and prevent this disease is to ensure proper drainage and avoid waterlogging. Fungicides can also be used as a preventative measure.
- Rust: Rust is a fungal disease that causes orange or rust-colored spots on leaves and stems. This disease can be managed by removing infected leaves and using fungicides, but prevention is the best approach. Ensure that the plant is not stressed and has proper airflow to prevent rust from developing.
- Anthracnose: Anthracnose is caused by a group of fungal pathogens and appears as brown spots on leaves. To manage this disease, remove any infected leaves and avoid overhead watering, which can spread the fungus.
- Canker: Canker is caused by fungi that infect stems and branches, causing them to become sunken and discolored. Pruning out infected branches and using fungicides can help manage this disease.
Pest Management
Alnus viridis ssp. crispa can also be affected by various pests that can cause damage to the plant. Common pests include:
- Aphids: These small insects feed on the plant's sap, causing distortion and yellowing of leaves. Aphids can be managed by spraying the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Rust mites: Rust mites can cause bronzing of leaves and can be managed by spraying the plant with horticultural oil.
- Scale insects: Scale insects can cause yellowing and dropping of leaves and can be managed by scraping off the insects or spraying the plant with insecticidal soap.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars can cause damage to leaves and can be managed by handpicking or using Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) insecticide.
Regular monitoring of the plant for pests and diseases is crucial for effective management. Proper cultural practices, such as adequate watering and fertilization, can help keep the plant healthy and less susceptible to pests and diseases. If the infestation is severe, seeking the advice of a professional is recommended.
