Introduction
Ailanthus altissima is a plant species commonly known as the Tree of Heaven. It is a deciduous tree species that is native to China and Central Asia. The species is famous for its fast growth rate and has been naturalized in North America, Europe, and other parts of the world.
Appearance
The Tree of Heaven is a medium to large-sized tree that can reach heights of up to 25 meters. Its bark is grayish-brown and has a smooth texture when young, but it becomes rough with age. The leaves of the tree are pinnately compound, with an odd number of leaflets ranging from 13 to 41, and each leaflet is 7-17 cm long. The leaves also have a distinctive smell, which is often likened to that of burnt peanut butter or rotten cashews, especially when crushed.
Common Names
The Tree of Heaven has several common names, including ailanthus, Chinese sumac, stinking sumac, tree of the gods and, varnish tree.
Uses
The Tree of Heaven serves a variety of purposes. The wood is lightweight and soft, making it ideal for paper pulp, boxes, and crates. The tree's leaves and bark have medicinal properties and are used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various ailments such as dysentery, fevers, and mental illness. Additionally, the Tree of Heaven is a popular ornamental tree, and its rapid growth rate makes it an excellent choice for reforestation projects and erosion control and environmental restoration programs.
Light Conditions
Ailanthus altissima grows best in full sun to partial shade conditions. The plant can tolerate some shade but will grow more slowly in shady areas. To facilitate the best growth and development of the plant, it should be planted in open areas with enough sunlight penetration.
Temperature Requirements
Ailanthus altissima thrives well in warm to hot temperatures. In particular, the plant can grow well in temperatures ranging from 18 to 26 degrees Celsius. The plant can also tolerate low temperatures but only to a certain degree. In areas with a harsh climate, the plant can experience frost damage, which can limit its growth.
Soil Requirements
Ailanthus altissima grows best in well-drained and fertile soils. The plant can adapt to various soil types ranging from sandy to clay loams. However, the plant is not suited to overly moist soil conditions. The soil pH should be slightly acidic to neutral, and the plant can tolerate slightly alkaline soil conditions.
Cultivation methods
Ailanthus altissima is a tree species that prefers full sun to partial shade and can grow in various soil types. It is suitable for cultivation in USDA plant hardiness zones 4 through 8. For optimal growth, the plant requires well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. It can tolerate drought but prefers moist soil.
Watering needs
Established Ailanthus altissima trees have moderate drought tolerance and require little water. However, young plants require regular watering to ensure healthy growth. The soil should be moist but not waterlogged, with the frequency of watering depending on the weather conditions.
Fertilization
Ailanthus altissima is not a heavy feeder and can grow in nutrient-poor soils. However, adding organic matter to the soil at the time of planting or as a top-dressing can enhance growth. Nitrogen-rich fertilizers can also be used sparingly during the growing season to boost growth.
Pruning
Pruning is a vital aspect of the care of Ailanthus altissima trees. It is recommended to prune the tree in late winter or early spring before the new growth appears. Dead or diseased branches should be removed, and pruning can also improve airflow and light penetration, promoting healthy development. Vigorous pruning can stimulate new growth, but it should be done carefully to avoid damaging the tree's structure.
Propagation of Ailanthus altissima
Ailanthus altissima, also known as the Tree of Heaven, can be propagated by several methods, including seeds, cuttings, and suckers.
Propagation by Seeds
Seeds of Ailanthus altissima require stratification before planting. Stratification involves exposing the seeds to cold, moist conditions that simulate winter, breaking their dormancy and increasing their germination rate. The seeds can be stratified in a refrigerator for several weeks before being planted in a sunny location with moist, well-drained soil. The seeds will usually germinate within 2 to 3 weeks.
Propagation by Cuttings
Cuttings of Ailanthus altissima can be taken in early summer. Select a stem that is green and straight, without any signs of disease or damage. Cut the stem to a length of about 6 inches, and remove the leaves from the lower half of the stem. Dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone and plant it in a pot with a well-drained soil mixture. Keep the soil moist and place the pot in a sunny location. After a few weeks, the cutting should begin to grow roots and can be transplanted to a larger pot or to a sunny outdoor location.
Propagation by Suckers
Ailanthus altissima can also be propagated by suckers. Suckers are shoots that emerge from the base of the tree. To propagate by suckers, carefully dig up the sucker and its roots, taking care to avoid damaging the root system. Plant the sucker in a sunny location with moist, well-drained soil, and water regularly until it becomes established.
Disease and Pest Management for Ailanthus Altissima (P.Mill.) Swingle
Ailanthus Altissima, also known as Tree of Heaven, is a deciduous tree widely distributed throughout the United States. Although the plant is relatively hardy, it can be attacked by various pests and diseases, which can affect its growth and overall health. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them.
Common Diseases
1. Verticillium Wilt: This fungal disease can cause yellowing and wilting of leaves in the affected plant. It can also cause discoloration and decay of the stem. To manage this disease, prune the affected parts of the plant and dispose of them properly. Avoid planting the Ailanthus Altissima in soil that has previously been infected with the fungus.
2. Canker Disease: This disease causes the formation of sunken, dead areas on the bark of the plant, which can lead to wilting and death of the tree. To prevent the spread of the disease, regularly inspect the tree for damage and prune the affected parts. Maintain good tree care practices to keep the tree healthy.
3. Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease causes a white powdery coating on the leaves of the plant and can affect its growth. Maintaining good air circulation around the plant, proper watering, and avoiding overhead watering can help prevent the spread of powdery mildew. If the disease does occur, prune affected parts of the plant and use appropriate fungicides to manage the spread of the disease.
Common Pests
1. Asian Long-horned Beetle: These beetles can cause significant damage to the plant by burrowing into the trunk and branches. To manage this pest, prevent the introduction of the beetle into new areas and learn to recognize the signs of infestation. Properly dispose of infested plant materials and use insecticides to manage the pest.
2. Eriophyid Mites: Tiny mites can cause distortion and discoloration of leaves by feeding on the plant sap. To manage this pest, prune the affected parts of the plant and use appropriate insecticides. Regularly inspect the plant for signs of infestation.
3. Fall Webworm: This pest can cause webbing on the branches of the plant and can affect its aesthetics. To manage this pest, conduct regular tree inspections and prune the affected parts of the plant. Use appropriate insecticides to manage the pest.
In conclusion, proper disease and pest management is essential to keep the Ailanthus Altissima healthy. Regularly inspect the plant for signs of infestation and disease, prune affected parts, and use appropriate insecticides and fungicides to manage the spread of disease and pests.
