Overview of Actinidia Maloides
Actinidia Maloides, also known as the Bower Actinidia, is a species of vine native to southern China and Southeast Asia. It is a member of the Kiwifruit family, Actinidiaceae, and closely related to the more common kiwi fruit (Actinidia deliciosa).
Common Names
Actinidia Maloides is commonly known as the 'Bower Actinidia', 'Silver Vine', 'Cat Powder', and 'Matatabi' in Japan. In China, it is called 'Mao Bo Ye' and is a traditional medicinal plant used to treat a variety of ailments.
Uses
Actinidia Maloides has various uses and benefits. The plant is commonly used as a natural insect repellent and pesticide in homes, preventing the breeding of cockroaches, mites, and mosquitoes. The leaves and roots have been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat lung diseases, arthritis, and high blood pressure. In Japan, the plant is often grown as a decorative plant, and the leaves and twigs are used to make cat toys due to their natural attractant properties.
Appearance
The Bower Actinidia is a deciduous, woody vine that can grow up to 6 meters in length. The leaves are heart-shaped and grow up to 9 cm long and 8 cm wide. The flowers are small, greenish-white, and bloom in late spring to summer, producing small, green-yellow fruits. The stem and branches are covered in small velvety hairs which give the plant a soft and furry appearance.
Light Requirements
Actinidia maloides requires a minimum of 6 hours of direct sunlight daily to thrive. It is considered a sun-loving plant and grows best in bright light conditions. However, it should not be exposed to prolonged and intense direct sunlight as it can cause leaf scorching and affect the plant's overall growth.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature for Actinidia maloides ranges from 60-80°F (15.6-26.7°C). It does not tolerate extreme cold or heat and should be protected from frost during the winter season. Temperatures above 85°F (29.4°C) can cause heat stress, which can lead to wilting and stunted growth.
Soil Requirements
Actinidia maloides prefers well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. The soil pH should be slightly acidic, ranging from 5.5-6.5. It does not tolerate waterlogged conditions, and the soil's drainage must be good. Adding sand and organic mulch to the soil can improve drainage and fertility.
Cultivation Methods for Actinidia maloides
The Actinidia maloides plant is a vine species that grows best in a warm, humid climate which mimics its humid subtropical and tropical natural habitats. The plant needs a well-draining soil and support structures such as a trellis or fence to encourage its vines to grow vertically. It is best to plant the vines in spring or autumn, but it can also be planted throughout the year provided the temperature and moisture conditions are suitable.
Watering Needs for Actinidia maloides
The Actinidia maloides plant requires consistent watering to thrive. Adequate soil moisture is essential, particularly during the growing season. The plant should receive about one inch of water per week, either through rainfall or supplemental irrigation. Wet soil should always be avoided, but also ensure that the soil doesn't dry out. Once established, the plant should be able to tolerate mild drought. So, maintain proper moisture by keeping the soil lightly and evenly moist during the growing season.
Fertilization for Actinidia maloides
Actinidia maloides plants require regular fertilization. Fertilize the plants twice a year during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer high in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Start in the early spring when new growth emerges, and then again in the middle of the growing season. This will help the plant grow vigorously and produce healthy fruit. Always follow the manufacturer's application instructions for the specific type of fertilizer to use.
Pruning for Actinidia maloides
The Actinidia maloides plant requires proper pruning to maintain its structure and to encourage fruit production. Pruning should be done in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Remove any dead, damaged, or diseased wood, and thin out any crossing or rubbing branches. Additionally, prune the plant to maintain its desired shape and size. This can also help increase air circulation, which reduces the risk of diseases. The plant should also be trained to grow along support structures by tying stems to a trellis or fence.
Propagation of Actinidia Maloides
Actinidia Maloides, also known as the small-leaved kiwi, can be propagated through various methods including seed propagation, cutting propagation, and grafting.
Seed Propagation
Seeds of Actinidia Maloides can be collected from mature fruits during the autumn season. These seeds should be cleaned and stored in a cool and dry place until spring when they can be sown in a well-drained soil mixture. The soil should be moistened and kept at a temperature between 20-25°C. Germination usually takes around 3-4 weeks and the seedlings can be transplanted after they have grown 2-3 true leaves.
Cutting Propagation
Cutting propagation is another effective way to propagate Actinidia Maloides. Semi-ripe cuttings can be collected during the summer months from the current year's growth. Leaves on the lower portion of the cutting are removed and a rooting hormone is applied to the base. The cutting should be inserted into a moist soil mixture and kept in a warm and shaded location until roots have developed. The newly rooted cuttings can be transplanted into larger containers or directly into the open ground during the following year.
Grafting
Grafting is a common propagation method for Actinidia Maloides. This involves joining a piece of desirable scion wood to a rootstock. The best time for grafting is during the spring when the plant is actively growing. The scion wood should be collected from the current year's growth and the rootstock should be of similar size and age. A clean cut should be made on each piece and they should be joined together using a grafting tape or clip. After a few weeks, the graft union should have healed and the plant can be transplanted into a larger container or directly into the open ground.
Disease and Pest Management for Actinidia Maloides
Actinidia maloides, commonly known as the bunchberry kiwi, is a plant that can be susceptible to various types of pests and diseases. To maintain a healthy and thriving plant, it is essential to have a good understanding of the potential threats and the best management practices to deal with them.
Diseases
One common disease that can affect Actinidia maloides is root rot. This disease can be caused by various soil-borne fungi that thrive in wet soil conditions, leading to the decay of the root system. To manage root rot, it is important to avoid overwatering the plant and ensure that the soil has good drainage. If root rot is detected, the plant should be replanted in fresh soil with proper drainage and treated with a fungicide.
Bacterial canker is another disease that can affect Actinidia maloides, causing wilting, cankers on stems and leaves, and eventually death. This disease can be controlled by removing and destroying infected plants, practicing good sanitation practices, and using disease-free planting materials.
Pests
The twospotted spider mite can be a significant pest for Actinidia maloides. Adults and nymphs feed on the sap of the plant, causing leaves to turn yellow and eventually fall off. To manage this pest, spraying the plant with insecticidal soap or horticultural oil can be effective.
Another pest that can affect Actinidia maloides is the kiwifruit vine borer. This insect feeds on the plant's stems and causes damage that can weaken and eventually kill the plant. To control this pest, pruning affected stems and destroying infested plant parts can be effective, along with using insecticidal sprays.
Conclusion
Maintaining a successful Actinidia maloides plant requires careful monitoring and regular maintenance practices. By staying vigilant and taking proactive measures to combat diseases and pests, you can help your plant thrive and continue to produce healthy fruit for years to come.
