Introduction
Acrolophia sphaerocarpa, also known as the Round-fruited Orchid, is a species in the Orchidaceae family. It is an epiphytic and occasionally lithophytic orchid that is native to the eastern parts of South Africa.
General Appearance
The plant has pseudobulbs that are about 15 cm long and about 1.5 cm wide. The leaves are thin and leathery, oblong-lanceolate, about 10-20 cm long and medium green in color. The inflorescence is racemose, about 30 cm long and bears about 6-8 flowers. The flowers are about 2.5 cm in diameter and range in color from greenish-yellow to dull brown. The lip of the flower is curved and has three lobes.
Common Names
The common name for Acrolophia sphaerocarpa is the Round-fruited Orchid. It is also commonly known as the Dark-tipped Orchid.
Uses
Acrolophia sphaerocarpa is typically grown as an ornamental plant for its beautiful flowers. It is an attractive plant that can add beauty to any garden. However, there are no known medicinal or food uses for this plant.
Light Requirements
Acrolophia sphaerocarpa requires bright, but indirect, sunlight to thrive. It should be placed in an area where it can receive at least 6 hours of sunlight per day, but should be protected from direct sunlight. This plant prefers filtered sunlight or partial shade.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Acrolophia sphaerocarpa is between 18°C-25°C. It can tolerate temperatures up to 30°C, but anything above this temperature range may cause the plant to wilt or die. During winter, it is advisable to place the plant in a spot where the temperature does not drop below 10°C.
Soil Requirements
Acrolophia sphaerocarpa prefers well-draining, moist soil that is rich in organic matter. A pH range between 5.5 and 7 is ideal for this plant. The soil should be kept evenly moist, but not waterlogged. Good drainage is essential to prevent the roots from rotting. A mix of sphagnum peat moss, orchid bark, and perlite can be used as a suitable potting mix.
Cultivation methods
Acrolophia sphaerocarpa is a terrestrial orchid that requires well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It prefers partial shade to full sun, and it thrives in humid environments. Therefore, it is recommended to grow them in pots or beds filled with a mixture of peat, perlite or vermiculite, and sphagnum moss. The pH of the soil should range between 5.5 and 6.5. Plant the orchid bulbs about 5 cm deep and keep them moist until they sprout.
Watering needs
Acrolophia sphaerocarpa requires regular watering, especially during the growing season. Water the plant twice a week, allowing the soil to dry slightly between waterings. Avoid overwatering as this can lead to root rot. During the dormant season, reduce watering to once every two weeks. However, continue to keep the soil slightly moist to prevent the bulbs from drying out.
Fertilization
Fertilize Acrolophia sphaerocarpa during the growing season to promote healthy growth and blooming. Use a balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 20-20-20. Dilute the fertilizer to half the recommended strength and apply it every two weeks. Avoid fertilizing the orchid during the dormant season.
Pruning
Prune Acrolophia sphaerocarpa after it has finished blooming. Remove the dead flowers and any yellow or withered leaves. Avoid cutting the stems as the plant may produce new flowers from the same stem. If the orchid has become too crowded, divide the bulbs and repot them in fresh soil.
Propagation Methods for Acrolophia sphaerocarpa (Sond.) Schltr. & Bolus
Acrolophia sphaerocarpa can be propagated both by seeds and division of its rhizome.
Propagation by Seeds:
The seeds of Acrolophia sphaerocarpa need to be fresh to have a good germination rate. Once the seed pods have dried on the plant, they should be collected and stored in a cool, dry place until planting time. The seeds should be sown in a well-draining substrate composed of equal parts of coarse sand and peat moss. Keep the substrate moist, but not waterlogged, and maintain a temperature of 20-25°C. Germination can occur within 4-8 weeks.
Propagation by Division:
The rhizomes of Acrolophia sphaerocarpa can be divided in the spring when new growth appears. Carefully remove the plant from its container or the ground and gently shake the soil off the roots. Cut the rhizome into sections, making sure each section has at least one growth point and a few healthy roots. Plant the sections in a well-draining substrate and keep the soil moist until new growth appears, signaling that the plant has taken root.
Disease and Pest Management for Acrolophia sphaerocarpa
Acrolophia sphaerocarpa, commonly known as the African orchid, is a beautiful plant that can be prone to disease and pest problems. As a helpful assistant, here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them.
Diseases
Fungal Leaf Spot: Fungal leaf spots are caused by different fungal pathogens that attack the leaves of the plant and cause small to large brown or black spots. To manage this disease, you can remove the affected leaves and destroy them. Avoid overhead watering to prevent the spread of the spores, and allow the plant to dry out between watering.
Botrytis Blight: Botrytis blight is a fungal disease that affects the flowers and buds of the plant. Infected plants appear wilted, and flower buds may fail to open or turn brown. To control this disease, improve air circulation around the plant, remove and destroy infected plant parts, and avoid overhead watering. You can also use fungicides labeled for botrytis blight.
Pests
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that suck the sap from leaves, causing yellowing and bronzing of the leaves. To manage spider mites, you can use insecticidal soap or neem oil, mist the plant regularly to increase humidity, and remove highly infested leaves. You can also introduce predatory mites to control spider mite populations.
Mealybugs: Mealybugs are white fuzzy pests that suck the sap from the plant. They can cause stunted growth and yellowing of the leaves. To manage mealybugs, wipe the pests off with a damp cloth and use insecticidal soap or neem oil. You can also introduce natural predators such as ladybugs or lacewings to your plant.
By following these disease and pest management tips, you can help your Acrolophia sphaerocarpa plant thrive and stay healthy.
