Overview
Acmella decumbens (Sm.) R.K. Jansen is a flowering plant species belonging to the Asteraceae family. This plant is native to South America and is commonly found in Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay. This plant is known by several common names, such as creeping toothache plant, Jambu, and Paracress.
General appearance
Acmella decumbens is a small, perennial herb that typically grows up to 15-20 cm in height. This plant has a creeping or prostrate growth habit, with branching stems that are covered in soft, glandular hairs. The leaves of this plant are simple, opposite, and oval-shaped, and they are also covered in soft hairs. The flowers of the Acmella decumbens are small, with yellow petals arranged in a circular head, surrounded by several greenish bracts.
Uses
Acmella decumbens has many practical uses. The plant's flowers and leaves have medicinal properties that have been used traditionally to treat a range of conditions, including toothaches, gum infection, digestive problems such as stomach aches, and bacterial infections. The active compounds in this plant are spilanthol and alkylamides which possess analgesic, anesthetic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Additionally, the Acmella decumbens plant has been found to be effective in reducing hypertension and relieving dysentery. Apart from its medicinal benefits, the plant is also used in the culinary industry, particularly in molecular gastronomy, to add a unique tingling or numbing sensation to dishes as well as a pungent flavor.
Growth Conditions for Acmella decumbens (Sm.) R.K. Jansen
Light: Acmella decumbens prefers bright and indirect sunlight. It thrives in partial sunlight or partial shade and does not do well in full shade.
Temperature: The ideal temperature range for the growth of Acmella decumbens is between 20-30°C. It does not tolerate frost and thrives in warm and humid conditions.
Soil: Acmella decumbens grows well in well-drained, loamy soil that is rich in organic matter. The pH of the soil should be slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0-7.5). The plant can also grow in sandy soil, but it needs more frequent watering and nutrient supplementation.
Water: Acmella decumbens requires moderate watering. It should be watered when the soil is dry to the touch. Overwatering can cause root rot, and underwatering can lead to wilting. The plant prefers humid conditions and benefits from misting.
Fertilizer: Acmella decumbens benefits from regular fertilization. A balanced fertilizer can be applied every 2-3 weeks during the active growing season. Over-fertilization can lead to excessive vegetative growth and less flowering.
Propagation: Acmella decumbens can be propagated by division of clumps or by stem cuttings. The plant can also self-seed, but the resulting plants may not be genetically identical to the parent plant.
Cultivation of Acmella decumbens
Acmella decumbens (Sm.) R.K. Jansen is a hardy perennial that requires full sun to partial shade conditions for optimal growth. It thrives in well-draining soils with a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. It can be propagated from seeds or cuttings.
Watering Needs
Acmella decumbens requires moderate watering during periods of active growth. It is important to avoid overwatering, as the plant is susceptible to root rot. Ensure that the soil is allowed to dry out between watering cycles.
Fertilization
Fertilize Acmella decumbens every two weeks during periods of active growth using a balanced fertilizer. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully to avoid over-fertilization, which can damage the plant. Avoid fertilizing during the plant's dormant period.
Pruning
Prune Acmella decumbens regularly during the growing season to encourage bushy growth and prevent the plant from becoming leggy. Cut back stems by one-third to one-half their length, using sanitized pruning shears. Remove any dead, damaged, or diseased parts of the plant as soon as possible.
Propagation of Acmella decumbens
Acmella decumbens, also known as Spilanthes decumbens, is a low-growing perennial plant that is commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions. It is a medicinal plant that is known for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.
Propagation Methods
Acmella decumbens can be propagated by several methods, including seeds, cuttings, and division.
Seeds
Seeds should be sown in a well-draining potting mix, and kept moist and warm until germination occurs. Transplant the seedlings to their final position once they are large enough to handle.
Cuttings
Softwood cuttings of Acmella decumbens can be taken in the spring or early summer. Cuttings should be taken from the tip of the plant and placed in moist rooting medium. Once the cutting has rooted, plant it in a well-draining potting mix.
Division
Acmella decumbens can also be propagated by division. Divide the plant in the spring, making sure each division has a healthy root system. Plant the divisions in well-draining soil, and keep them moist until they are established.
Overall, the propagation of Acmella decumbens is relatively easy, and with the right conditions, the plant should grow and thrive for many years.
Disease Management for Acmella decumbens (Sm.) R.K. Jansen
Acmella decumbens (Sm.) R.K. Jansen is prone to a few diseases that can affect its growth and development. Some of the common diseases that affect the plant include:
- Leaf spot disease - This affects the leaves of the plant causing brownish or yellowish spots. This disease can be managed by carefully monitoring the plant and removing any infected leaves. Also, avoid watering the plant from above to minimize wetting the leaves.
- Powdery mildew - This is a fungal disease that appears as a white powdery substance on leaves and stems. It can cause the plant to weaken if not dealt with promptly. To manage powdery mildew, use appropriate fungicides and maintain adequate spacing between plants to ensure proper air circulation.
- Rust disease - This disease is caused by a fungus and appears as rust-colored spots on leaves. It can be managed by using appropriate anti-fungal treatments and removing any infected leaves.
Pest Management for Acmella decumbens (Sm.) R.K. Jansen
Acmella decumbens (Sm.) R.K. Jansen can also be attacked by pests that can cause harm to the plant. Some of the common pests include:
- Aphids - These are small insects that suck sap from the plant and can cause stunted growth. To manage aphids, spray the plant with an insecticidal soap or use other insecticides.
- Spider mites - These pests can be difficult to see because they are very small and can build webs on the plant. They can cause yellowing of the leaves and the plant to wither. To manage spider mites, use miticides or insecticides and avoid letting the plant dry out.
- Thrips - These are slender insects that feed on the leaves and can cause a reduction in plant growth. To manage thrips, use insecticides and maintain a healthy environment by ensuring that the soil is well-drained and the plant is adequately fertilized.
Regular monitoring of the plant can help detect any signs of disease or pest infestation early. It is also essential to maintain a healthy growth environment for the plant by ensuring adequate watering and fertilization, proper spacing, and good air circulation. By following these simple steps, Acmella decumbens (Sm.) R.K. Jansen can remain healthy and thrive.
