Origin
Achnatherum parishii (Vasey) Barkworth var. depauperatum (M.E. Jones) Barkworth, commonly known as Parish's needlegrass, is a perennial grass species that is native to the southwestern United States, including Arizona, California, Nevada, and Utah. It can typically be found in dry, rocky areas, as well as arid foothills and slopes.
Common Names
Parish's needlegrass is also commonly referred to as depauperate needlegrass, Nevada needlegrass, and Parish needlegrass.
Uses
Parish's needlegrass serves as an important component of the arid ecosystems in which it grows. It provides vital habitat and forage for several species of wildlife, such as desert bighorn sheep, mule deer, and pronghorns. In addition, it is known to be a valuable grazing plant for livestock and plays a significant role in soil stabilization.
General Appearance
Parish's needlegrass typically grows to be between 1 and 3 feet tall and has thin, erect stems. The leaves are narrow and rolled inward, and the inflorescence features densely packed spikelets that can range in color from greenish-yellow to reddish-brown. The plant's seeds are between 5 and 7 mm long and have twisted awns that can measure up to 10 cm in length.
Light Requirements
Achnatherum parishii var. depauperatum thrives in direct sunlight and requires a minimum of six hours of exposure per day. Shaded environments are not suitable for the growth of this plant and can result in stunted growth and weak stems, as well as poor seed production. It is best grown in open and sunny areas, where it is exposed to maximum sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
Achnatherum parishii var. depauperatum can tolerate a wide range of temperatures but prefers warm to hot weather. The ideal temperature range for the growth of this plant is between 22°C to 32°C. It can survive in colder temperatures, but it will not grow as vigorously. In addition, extreme temperature changes can have a negative impact on its growth and overall health.
Soil Requirements
Achnatherum parishii var. depauperatum grows well in well-drained soils that are alkaline or neutral and sandy or gravelly in texture. It cannot tolerate heavy, clay-like soils or poorly drained soils. The soil should be nutrient-rich with good organic matter content to promote healthy growth of this plant. It is important to maintain proper soil moisture levels, as dry soils can cause the plant to wither and die.
Cultivation methods
Achnatherum parishii (Vasey) Barkworth var. depauperatum (M.E. Jones) Barkworth is a drought-tolerant plant that thrives in warmer climates and well-drained soils. It can be propagated by seed or division. It is recommended to plant the seeds in spring or fall. The plant is also an excellent option for xeriscaping gardens, and it can be used for erosion control on slopes.
Watering needs
Although Achnatherum parishii (Vasey) Barkworth var. depauperatum (M.E. Jones) Barkworth is drought-tolerant, it requires regular watering until it establishes. After that, it can withstand long periods without water. It is recommended to water the plant deeply but infrequently. The frequency of watering will depend on the climate and the soil type. Overwatering can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases.
Fertilization
Achnatherum parishii (Vasey) Barkworth var. depauperatum (M.E. Jones) Barkworth does not require regular fertilization. However, the plant will benefit from a slow-release fertilizer application in the spring when the plant is actively growing. A soil test can help determine if the soil lacks any essential nutrients. It is recommended to avoid using high-nitrogen fertilizers since they can encourage excessive foliage growth and reduce flowering.
Pruning
Achnatherum parishii (Vasey) Barkworth var. depauperatum (M.E. Jones) Barkworth does not require regular pruning, but it can be beneficial to remove the old stem tips after the plant has flowered. This process encourages the growth of new shoots and can help maintain the plant's shape. The plant can also be cut back to the ground level during the winter months to promote healthy growth in the spring.
Propagation of Achnatherum parishii (Vasey) Barkworth var. depauperatum (M.E. Jones) Barkworth
Achnatherum parishii (Vasey) Barkworth var. depauperatum (M.E. Jones) Barkworth, commonly known as "Parish's needlegrass", can be propagated through both sexual and asexual methods.
Sexual Propagation
Seeds are the primary method for sexually propagating Achnatherum parishii var. depauperatum. The seeds of Parish's needlegrass can be collected from mature seed heads in late summer to early fall. Seeds can be stored in a cool, dry place and kept viable for up to five years.
When propagating sexually, it is important to mimic natural environmental conditions. Plant seeds in the fall in areas with well-draining soil, plenty of sun, and moderate temperatures. Seeds should be planted no deeper than one-quarter inch. Water regularly until seedlings are established.
Asexual Propagation
Achnatherum parishii var. depauperatum can also be propagated asexually through division. Divide the plant in the fall, when the plant is dormant. Dig up the entire clump, gently remove the soil and separate the clump into smaller sections with clean, sharp shears. Each section should have several stems and roots. Replant each section in a well-draining soil, with plenty of sun and moderate temperatures. Water regularly until the plant is established.
Note that asexual propagation does not maintain the genetic diversity of the species; therefore, it is recommended to propagate Parish's needlegrass through sexual methods.
Disease and Pest Management for Achnatherum parishii var. depauperatum
Achnatherum parishii var. depauperatum is a hardy plant that generally does not suffer from many diseases or pests. In fact, it is often used in restoration projects precisely because of its ability to survive in harsh conditions. However, there are a few issues that gardeners and growers should be aware of.
Common Diseases
Achnatherum parishii var. depauperatum can be susceptible to a few fungal diseases, including leaf rust, stem rust, and smut. Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia achnatheri, appears as small, yellowish-brown spots on the leaves of the plant, which can turn darker and spread rapidly if left untreated. Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis, first appears on the stem or sheaths as small, reddish-brown pustules that will eventually turn black and cause the stem to weaken and break. Smut, caused by various species of fungi, appears as black, powdery masses in the inflorescence of the plant.
Disease Management
Prevention is the key to managing diseases in Achnatherum parishii var. depauperatum. Avoid overwatering, which can create conditions that are ideal for fungal growth. Keep the area around the plant clean and free from debris, which can harbor fungal spores. If you notice signs of disease, promptly remove and destroy infected plant materials. Fungicides may be used to prevent the spread of the disease, but should be used sparingly and only as a last resort.
Common Pests
The most common pest that affects Achnatherum parishii var. depauperatum is the grasshopper. These insects can cause significant damage to the plant by feeding on its leaves and stems. Other pests that may affect the plant include aphids, spider mites, and cutworms.
Pest Management
The best way to manage pests in Achnatherum parishii var. depauperatum is to prevent them from becoming a problem in the first place. Regularly inspect the plant for signs of pest damage, and promptly remove any affected plant materials. If the infestation is significant, you may need to resort to chemical treatments. However, be sure to use pesticides sparingly and follow all instructions carefully to avoid harming beneficial insects or pollinators.
Overall, Achnatherum parishii var. depauperatum is a relatively low-maintenance plant that is resistant to most diseases and pests. By taking a few precautionary measures, you can help ensure that your plant remains healthy and vigorous.
