Achnatherum occidentale (Thurb. ex S. Wats.) Barkworth ssp. pubescens (Vasey) Barkworth
Achnatherum occidentale (Thurb. ex S. Wats.) Barkworth ssp. pubescens (Vasey) Barkworth, commonly known as western needlegrass or simply needlegrass, is a native grass species found in the western United States.
Appearance
Needlegrass can grow up to three feet tall and has long, slender leaves that are often bluish-green in color. Its distinctive seed heads resemble long needles, hence its name.
Uses
Needlegrass is an important component of many native grassland ecosystems, providing food and habitat for a variety of wildlife, including birds and small mammals. It is also used in restoration projects aimed at restoring degraded grasslands and improving soil health. In addition, needlegrass has been used in traditional Native American medicine for its anti-inflammatory properties.
Overall, Achnatherum occidentale ssp. pubescens is an important and versatile plant species in Western United States ecosystems, with both ecological and medicinal uses.
Light Requirements
Achnatherum occidentale ssp. pubescens thrives in full sun but can tolerate some shade. However, its productivity and growth rate reduce significantly under shaded conditions. Thus, growers should plant it in areas that receive full sunlight to maximize yields.
Temperature Requirements
Achnatherum occidentale ssp. pubescens is native to the arid and semi-arid regions of western North America. It grows best under warm to hot temperatures but can handle occasional freezes. Temperatures ranging between 20°C to 35°C are optimal for its growth and development.
Soil Requirements
Well-drained soils are ideal for Achnatherum occidentale ssp. pubescens. It prefers moderately to highly fertile soils with a pH range of 4.9-8.5. It can grow on sandy, loamy, and clay soils, though sandy loam soils are the best. This grass is drought-resistant and can tolerate low-moisture soils. However, irrigation can be beneficial under severely dry conditions to enhance yields.
Cultivation methods
Achnatherum occidentale ssp. pubescens is a perennial grass that is primarily native to the western United States. It prefers to grow in full sun to partial shade and can reach a height of up to 3 feet. The soil should be well-draining and preferably sandy or loamy. This plant is drought-tolerant and can withstand harsh conditions such as extreme heat and cold.
Watering needs
While Achnatherum occidentale ssp. pubescens is drought-tolerant, it can benefit from occasional watering during extreme dry periods. Water the plant deeply but infrequently to encourage deep root growth. Avoid overwatering as this can lead to root rot and other diseases.
Fertilization
While Achnatherum occidentale ssp. pubescens can grow in poor and infertile soils, it can benefit from occasional fertilization. Apply a slow-release fertilizer in the spring to encourage healthy growth and flowering. Be sure to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application and dosage.
Pruning
There is no need to prune Achnatherum occidentale ssp. pubescens, but you can remove dead or damaged leaves and stems as needed. It is best to wait until early spring to remove any dead foliage to avoid damaging the plant during the winter months. You can also trim the plant back to a shorter size in the late fall if desired.
Propagation of Achnatherum occidentale ssp. pubescens
Achnatherum occidentale ssp. pubescens can be propagated using both sexual and asexual methods. Here are some of the most commonly used propagation methods:
Sexual propagation
One of the most common ways to propagate Achnatherum occidentale ssp. pubescens is by collecting and sowing its seeds. Seeds can be collected by hand from mature plants just before they begin to fall off the plant. The seeds should be sown immediately or stored in a cool, dry place until they are ready to plant.
When sowing Achnatherum occidentale ssp. pubescens seeds, first prepare the soil by removing any weeds and mixing in compost or other organic matter. Spread the seeds evenly over the soil and cover them lightly with soil or mulch. Water the soil regularly to keep it moist but not waterlogged.
Asexual propagation
Achnatherum occidentale ssp. pubescens can also be propagated using asexual methods, such as division and stem cuttings. Here's how to propagate this plant using these methods:
- Division: In early spring, when new growth is just starting, dig up the entire plant and gently separate the individual clumps. Replant each clump immediately in a prepared garden bed or container, and water thoroughly.
- Stem cuttings: Take stem cuttings from a mature plant in early spring or late summer. Cut 4- to 6-inch sections of the plant's stem with a clean, sharp knife, making sure to include at least one node where a leaf attaches to the stem. Remove the leaves from the lower half of the cutting and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a pot filled with moist sand or vermiculite, and keep it warm and moist until roots form.
With the right care and attention, Achnatherum occidentale ssp. pubescens can be easily propagated using these methods to create more beautiful plants for your garden or landscape.
Disease Management
Achnatherum occidentale spp. pubescens is generally a hardy plant species that is relatively resistant to diseases. However, certain diseases can cause damage to the plant. These include:
- Fusarium: This disease is caused by a soil-borne fungus and it can lead to crown and root rot. Fusarium symptoms are dehydration, wilting, and discoloration of leaves. To manage this disease, ensure proper soil drainage and avoid overwatering. Rotation of crops can help reduce the spread of Fusarium. Fungicides can be applied if the infection is severe.
- Leaf rust: This disease is caused by a fungus that affects foliage causing yellow leaf spots, eventually leading to leaf drop. To manage leaf rust, maintain good air circulation by spacing plants correctly. Applying fungicides is also effective, especially if applied early in the season before symptoms show.
Pest Management
Several pests may attack Achnatherum occidentale spp. pubescens, including:
- Grasshoppers: These pests can cause damage by chewing on the leaves, leading to defoliation. To manage grasshoppers, consider applying specific insecticides such as neem oil or insecticidal soap when the pests are first noticed.
- Cutworms: These pests cut seedlings at the base of the stem, causing the plant to wilt. To manage cutworms, consider applying Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin or diatomaceous earth
- Spider Mites: These pests feed on plant sap, causing leaf discoloration and necrosis. To manage spider mites, ensure proper soil moisture, and apply insecticidal soap. Natural predators such as ladybugs and predatory mites can also be introduced to help control the spread of spider mites
It is essential to note that most pesticides have adverse effects on non-target organisms. Therefore, reviews the label instructions carefully before application. Mechanical methods and cultural practices, such as crop rotation, could help reduce the risk of pest infestations.
