Overview of Achnatherum nevadense (B.L. Johnston) Barkworth
Achnatherum nevadense, also known as Nevada needlegrass, is a perennial grass species native to the western United States. It is a member of the Poaceae family and is commonly found in arid and semi-arid regions, growing in meadows, openings in forests, and along roadsides.
General Appearance of Achnatherum nevadense
Achnatherum nevadense typically grows to be between 12-35 inches tall and has narrow, green leaves that can grow up to 12 inches long. It produces dense, erect, and spike-like flower heads that can reach up to 10 inches long. The flowers are typically green or purplish and appear in the late spring and early summer.
As a clump-forming grass, Achnatherum nevadense tends to grow in dense patches and can be identified by the distinctive needle-like awns on its flowers.
Common Uses of Achnatherum nevadense
Achnatherum nevadense is an important food resource for many animals, including elk, pronghorns, and livestock, and it is often used for grazing. It is also an important plant for soil conservation, as its deep roots help to prevent erosion and improve soil quality.
In addition, Achnatherum nevadense has cultural significance for several Native American tribes, who have traditionally used the plant for weaving baskets and other crafts, as well as for medicinal purposes.
Overall, Achnatherum nevadense is an important and versatile plant species with a wide range of ecological and cultural uses.
Light Requirements
Achnatherum nevadense grows best under full sunlight exposure. The plant is drought-tolerant, and the hot and dry conditions typically found in the Great Basin and the Mojave Desert provide it with an ideal growth environment.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is well-adapted to high temperatures and can survive in areas with substantial temperature fluctuations. While the plant can grow in warmer or hotter areas, it is intolerant of extreme cold or freezing conditions. The plant's cold resistance is limited, and it can only tolerate short periods of exposure to low temperatures.
Soil Requirements
Achnatherum nevadense grows best in well-drained soil with low to moderate fertility. The plant can grow in a wide range of soils, from sandy to clay, but it prefers soils with moderate moisture content. It is not strictly calcium-loving and can grow in soils with low calcium content. The plant's roots contain mycorrhizae that aid in nutrient absorption, particularly in low-fertility soils.
Cultivation
Achnatherum nevadense, commonly known as Nevada needle grass, is a high-elevation bunchgrass that is suitable for cultivation in mountainous areas. It prefers a well-draining soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. The grass is adapted to dry conditions and can survive through extended periods of drought.
Watering needs
Nevada needle grass requires moderate amounts of water for optimal growth. During the initial establishment phase, it should be watered regularly to ensure that the roots are properly established. After establishment, it becomes more drought-tolerant and can survive periods of minimal irrigation. It is important not to overwater the grass as it can negatively impact its growth and development.
Fertilization
Achnatherum nevadense does not require extensive fertilization. An annual application of 10-10-10 fertilizer can be applied in the early spring to provide the necessary nutrients for growth. It is recommended to avoid over-fertilization, as it can lead to excessive vegetative growth and weakens the overall health of the grass.
Pruning
Pruning is not required for Achnatherum nevadense to maintain optimal health and growth. However, if it manages to grow too tall and create an unmanageable visual impression, it can be trimmed using a lawn mower or brush cutter. It is recommended to remove no more than 1/3 of the total plant height to avoid damaging its overall structure. The best time to prune is at the end of the growing season before the onset of winter.
Propagation Methods of Achnatherum nevadense (B.L. Johnston) Barkworth
Achnatherum nevadense, commonly known as the Nevada needlegrass, is a cool-season perennial grass native to western North America. It is a highly drought-tolerant plant that can thrive in a wide range of habitats, including meadows, sagebrush steppe, and subalpine forests.
The plant can be propagated using several methods, including seeds, division, and transplanting.
Propagation by Seeds
The easiest and most popular method of propagating Achnatherum nevadense is through seeds. The seeds can be collected in the late summer after they have matured. They are small and brown and can be easily identified.
Before sowing the seeds, it is recommended to prepare the soil by removing any weeds and loosening it. The seeds can be directly sown in the prepared soil or started indoors in trays. If starting indoors, the seeds should be sown in sterile potting mix and kept moist under bright light. The seedlings should be transplanted outside when they reach 3-4 inches in height.
Propagation by Division
Achnatherum nevadense can also be propagated through division. This method involves dividing the roots of a mature plant into smaller sections and replanting each section. It is recommended to divide the plants in the spring or fall when the plant is dormant.
The first step is to dig up the mature plant and gently shake off the soil to expose its roots. The roots should be carefully divided into smaller sections using a sharp knife or garden shears. Each section should have several buds and a healthy root system. The sections can then be replanted in a prepared bed and watered thoroughly.
Propagation by Transplanting
Transplanting is another viable method of propagating Achnatherum nevadense. This method involves moving a mature plant from one location to another. It is recommended to transplant the plant during the fall or spring when the weather is cool and moist.
The first step is to dig up the mature plant, being careful not to damage its roots. The plant should be replanted immediately in a prepared bed that has been loosened and fertilized. The plant should be watered generously to reduce transplant shock.
Overall, Achnatherum nevadense is a hardy and easy-to-propagate plant that can add beauty and texture to a variety of landscapes.
Disease Management of Achnatherum nevadense
Achnatherum nevadense is a relatively disease-resistant plant, but it can face a few problems that might affect its growth and quality. Here are the most common diseases that can affect this plant:
- Stripe rust: Stripe rust is a fungal disease that causes yellow-orange stripes on the plant leaves, leading to weaker growth and lower yields. It spreads through spores that are transported by wind or water. To manage stripe rust, use resistant varieties, and avoid planting near susceptible crops. In case of an outbreak, use fungicides that are labeled for stripe rust.
- Fusarium head blight: Fusarium head blight is another fungal disease that attacks the panicles of the plant, causing yield loss and grain quality reduction. It spreads through infected seeds or residues, and it thrives in humid and warm conditions. To prevent fusarium head blight, plant disease-free seeds, use crop rotation practices, and avoid excessive nitrogen application, which can increase the plant's susceptibility. In case of an outbreak, use fungicides that are labeled for fusarium head blight.
- Leaf spots: Leaf spots are fungal or bacterial diseases that cause circular or irregular spots on the plant leaves, leading to defoliation and yield loss. They spread through splashing or wind-blown rain or through contaminated tools and equipment. To manage leaf spots, improve air circulation by planting the crop in rows, remove infected plant residues, and use fungicides that are labeled for the specific disease.
Pest Management of Achnatherum nevadense
Achnatherum nevadense can face various pest problems that can affect its growth and quality. Here are the most common pests that can affect this plant:
- Armyworms: Armyworms are caterpillars that can defoliate the plant, causing yield loss and quality reduction. They feed on the plant leaves, often in the evening and night. To manage armyworms, use biological control methods, such as beneficial insects or nematodes, or use insecticides that are labeled for armyworms.
- Wireworms: Wireworms are soil-dwelling pests that can attack the plant roots, causing stunted growth and lower yields. They feed on plant roots and tubers, and they can survive for several years in the soil. To prevent wireworm infestations, practice crop rotation, use resistant varieties, and avoid excessive irrigation, which can attract the pests. In case of an outbreak, use insecticides that are labeled for wireworms.
- Grasshoppers: Grasshoppers are voracious feeders that can devour the plant foliage, causing significant yield loss and quality reduction. They can migrate to the crop from surrounding areas, and they thrive in hot and dry conditions. To manage grasshoppers, use crop rotation practices, mow or burn the crop residues, use barriers or traps, or use insecticides that are labeled for grasshoppers.
