Overview:
Achnatherum clandestinum is a perennial grass species belonging to the family Poaceae. The plant is commonly known by various common names, including 'Slender Wheatgrass,' 'Redtop,' 'Wheatgrass,' and 'Mountain Brome.'
Origin:
Achnatherum clandestinum is native to North America and is found in a wide range of habitats, including mixed-grass prairies, mountain meadows, and forests. The plant's natural range extends from Alaska to Mexico, westward to the Pacific Ocean, and eastward to the Great Plains.
Appearance:
Achnatherum clandestinum grows to a height of 2 to 5 feet, and the leaves are long and taper towards the top. The plant's inflorescence is a panicle that is open and spreading, with branches that are densely hairy, often with a purplish tint. The flowers are often red to purple, and the seeds are yellowish-brown and are small and elongated.
Uses:
Achnatherum clandestinum serves as an important forage and cover crop for livestock and wildlife, including deer, elk, and birds. Additionally, the plant has gained attention in erosion control and restoration projects due to its ability to tolerate drought and high temperatures and its broad adaptability to many soil types. The plant's seeds are also utilized in the reseeding of disturbed sites, particularly in disturbed rangelands.
In summary, Achnatherum clandestinum is a hardy and resilient grass species that plays an essential role in forage production and restoration projects. Its unique adaptability qualities make it well suited for various soil types and environmental conditions, particularly in western North America.Growth Conditions of Achnatherum Clandestinum (Hack.) Barkworth
Achnatherum clandestinum, also known as the creeping wild rye, is a perennial grass species that can grow in a wide range of temperature and soil conditions.
Light
The plant generally prefers full or partial sunlight, but it can still thrive in areas with shaded conditions. During its seedling stage, Achnatherum clandestinum requires more shade to keep it from drying out, especially in hot and dry environmental conditions.
Temperature
The creeping wild rye grows well in areas with different temperature ranges, but it prefers cooler temperatures. The best temperature range for plant growth is between 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F). At temperatures beyond this range, the plant's growth may be reduced, and it may struggle to survive for an extended period.
Soil
Achnatherum clandestinum can grow in different soils, but it prefers well-drained soil types such as sandy and loamy soils with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. The plant can tolerate saline soil conditions, but it performs best in soil that is moderately fertile, with a good supply of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
The creeping wild rye can also grow in a wide range of soil moisture conditions, but it does better in moderately moist soil conditions. Soils that are waterlogged or too dry can hinder growth, and may even lead to the death of the plant.
Cultivation Methods
Achnatherum clandestinum is a warm-season grass and grows best in regions with hot and dry summers. It thrives in well-drained soil, neutral to alkaline pH, and plenty of sunlight. The plant is propagated by seeds and requires low-maintenance. It can grow in both rural and urban areas, making it an excellent option for landscaping, erosion control, and forage.
Watering Needs
Although Achnatherum clandestinum is drought-tolerant, regular watering is required during the establishment period. Water should be applied moderately, to avoid the water-logging of the soil, which can lead to root rot. Once the plant is fully established, reduce watering frequency, and only water when the soil is dry to the touch. However, the plant will benefit from occasional deep watering during long periods of drought.
Fertilization
Achnatherum clandestinum does not require fertilization as it can grow in poor soils. However, for a healthier plant growth, apply a slow-releasing nitrogen fertilizer during the spring, at a rate of 1.5 pounds per 1000 square feet. Avoid applying fertilizer during the dry season, as it can damage the roots and the leaves. Over-fertilization can lead to excessive leaf growth, which can make the plant prone to disease and insect infestations.
Pruning
Achnatherum clandestinum requires little to no pruning. However, the plant can benefit from cutting back the foliage by two-thirds during the late winter or early spring, before new growth emerges. This practice will help to rejuvenate the plant, promote lush foliage, and prevent the accumulation of dead stems. Use sharp pruning shears and cut at an angle to prevent injury to the plant. Dispose of the cuttings appropriately to avoid the spread of diseases.
Propagation of Achnatherum Clandestinum
Achnatherum clandestinum, also known as underground or western needlegrass, is a cool-season, native perennial bunchgrass commonly found in the western United States. The grass is known for its drought-tolerant properties that help it survive in arid and semiarid conditions. Propagation of Achnatherum clandestinum is possible through seeds and vegetative methods.
Propagation by Seed
Seeds of Achnatherum clandestinum can be sown directly in the field or started indoors and transplanted later. The ideal time to plant seeds is in the fall when soil temperatures are cool. The seeds can be prepared by scarification, which involves scratching the surface of the seed to break the seed coat and allow water to penetrate, thereby facilitating germination.
The prepared seeds can then be planted by broadcasting, which involves spreading the seed over the ground, or drilling, which involves planting the seeds using a seed drill. The seeds are then covered with a light layer of soil, and a roller is used to press them into the ground. Regular watering is essential for the seeds to germinate, and the grass can take up to three years to establish fully.
Propagation by Vegetative Methods
Achnatherum clandestinum can also be propagated vegetatively through division and cloning techniques. Division is the process of separating the root and shoot system of the plant and planting them as separate units. This method is best performed in the fall or spring when the plant is dormant.
Cloning involves the use of stem cuttings that are taken from the parent plant and rooted in a suitable growing medium. The cuttings should be taken from the upper sections of the plant and should be 2-4 inches in length. The cuttings are then coated with rooting hormone and planted in a growing medium, usually vermiculite or sand, which is kept consistently moist. The cuttings should start developing roots in two to four weeks, and the rooted clones can be transplanted into the field after two to three months.
Disease and Pest Management for Achnatherum clandestinum (Hack.) Barkworth
Achnatherum clandestinum is a wild grass that grows in many regions with various types of soil and climate conditions, such as grasslands, shrublands, and forests. This plant can be attacked by various diseases and pests, which can cause severe damage if not managed correctly. Here are some common diseases and pests that affect Achnatherum clandestinum and ways to manage them:
Leaf Spot
Leaf spot is a fungal disease that affects Achnatherum clandestinum and causes brownish spots on leaves, leading to defoliation and reduced plant growth. To manage this disease, regularly monitor the plant for signs of leaf spot and remove infected leaves promptly. Prune any affected branches and dispose of them away from the plant to minimize the chance of spreading the disease. Use fungicides as a last resort, following all directions and precautions mentioned on the product label.
Root Rot
Root rot is a soil-borne fungal disease that affects the roots of Achnatherum clandestinum, leading to rotting and stunting of the plant. This disease can also attract other pests like insects and nematodes. Avoid overwatering the plant and maintain good soil drainage to prevent root rot. If the plant appears to be infected, remove it from the soil, cut off any infected roots, and replant the remaining healthy roots in fresh soil. Use fungicides to control the disease if necessary, following all guidelines mentioned on the product label.
Armyworms
Armyworms are common pests that attack Achnatherum clandestinum by devouring its leaves, severe infestations can cause significant damage to the plant. To control these pests, you can use natural remedies like neem oil or insecticidal soap, which are available at garden stores or online. Make sure to follow all guidelines mentioned on the product label and use personal protective equipment while handling these products.
Cutworms
Cutworms are another type of pest that can attack Achnatherum clandestinum by cutting off stems and leaves of the plant; this pest can also cause significant damage if left unchecked. To manage cutworms, you can use biological control agents like nematodes or parasitic wasps, which can be found at garden stores or online. Alternatively, you can use insecticides that are labeled for cutworm control, following all guidelines mentioned on the product label.
Conclusion
Achnatherum clandestinum can be affected by various diseases and pests that can cause severe damage if not managed correctly. Monitor the plant regularly, maintain good soil drainage, and follow recommended practices to keep the plant healthy. If pests or diseases occur, consider natural or chemical solutions that are safe and effective, following all guidelines mentioned on the product label.
