Overview
Achillea borealis Bong. ssp. typica Keck is a perennial herbaceous plant that is native to North America. This species belongs to the Asteraceae family and is commonly known as Northern yarrow or boreal yarrow.
General Appearance
The boreal yarrow plant grows up to 90 cm in height and consists of a slender stem with feathery leaves that have a pungent aroma. The leaves are mostly basal and have a lanceolate shape, while the stem leaves are alternate. The plant produces clusters of white or pale pink flowers, arranged in a flat-topped inflorescence that blooms from June to September.
Uses
The Achillea borealis Bong. ssp. typica Keck plant has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes by the Native Americans. The leaves and flowers of the plant have anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and astringent properties and are used to treat wounds, bruises, and skin irritations. The plant is also believed to have a calming effect and is used as a tea or infusion to relieve stress and anxiety. In addition, the plant has been used in traditional cooking as a seasoning or spice.
The boreal yarrow plant has also been used in landscaping and gardening for its ornamental value, as it produces attractive flowers and has a long blooming season. The plant prefers well-drained soil and full sun exposure and can be propagated through seeds or dividing the rhizomes.
Light Requirements
Achillea borealis Bong. ssp. typica Keck grows best in full sun, which refers to six or more hours of direct sunlight per day. It can also tolerate partial shade, but growth might be slower and less vigorous.
Temperature Requirements
Achillea borealis Bong. ssp. typica Keck is a cold-hardy plant and can withstand temperatures down to -40°F (-40°C). However, it prefers a cool to warm environment, with a temperature range of 60°F to 80°F (15.5°C to 26.5°C).
Soil Requirements
Achillea borealis Bong. ssp. typica Keck prefers well-draining soil that is slightly acidic to neutral, with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. It can grow in various soil types, including loam, sandy loam, and rocky soils. However, the soil must be fertile, with plenty of organic matter such as compost or leaf mold. Additionally, this plant thrives in soil that is consistently moist but not waterlogged.
Cultivation Methods
Achillea borealis Bong. ssp. typica Keck is a hardy perennial plant that prefers a well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. It grows best in full sun, but it can tolerate partial shade. When planting, space the plants 12 to 18 inches apart, and ensure that the soil is amended with organic matter such as compost or aged manure. The plant is propagated by division, and the best time to divide it is in the fall or spring.
Watering Needs
While the plant is drought tolerant, it requires regular watering during the growing season to thrive. Water the plant deeply once a week to reach the root zone. Avoid overhead watering as it can lead to leaf spot diseases. During hot and dry weather, water more frequently.
Fertilization
Achillea borealis Bong. ssp. typica Keck does not require heavy fertilization. Apply a balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 formula, once in the spring before new growth appears. Alternatively, you can amend the soil with compost or aged manure in spring. Avoid overfertilization, as it can lead to weak stems and excessive foliage growth.
Pruning
Pruning is not mandatory for the plant, but it can help to promote bushy growth and prolong the flowering period. Deadhead the spent flowers to prevent the plant from self-seeding and to encourage new growth. Additionally, trimming the plant in late spring or early summer can help to strengthen the stems and promote compactness. Cut the stems back by one-third to one-half of their length, leaving some leafy growth behind.
Propagation of Achillea borealis Bong. ssp. typica Keck
Achillea borealis Bong. ssp. typica Keck, commonly known as the boreal yarrow, is a hardy, herbaceous perennial that is native to North America. Propagation of this plant can be accomplished through several methods, including division, cuttings, and seed.
Division
Division is a common method of propagating Achillea borealis. This can be done in the spring or fall. To do this, carefully dig up the plant and divide the root system into smaller sections. Each section should have several healthy shoots and roots. Replant the sections in well-draining soil.
Cuttings
Cuttings can also be used to propagate Achillea borealis. Take stem cuttings in the summer when the plant is actively growing. Cuttings should be about 3-4 inches long and include at least one node. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Plant the cuttings in well-draining soil and keep them moist until roots have formed.
Seed
Seed propagation is another option for Achillea borealis. Seeds can be planted directly in the ground in the fall or early spring. Alternatively, seeds can be started indoors in containers. Sow seeds on top of well-draining soil and barely cover with a thin layer of soil. Keep the soil moist and place in a warm, sunny location.
Disease and Pest Management for Achillea borealis Bong. ssp. typica Keck
Achillea borealis Bong. ssp. typica Keck is susceptible to several diseases and pests that can cause harm to the plant. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that might affect the plant:
Diseases
Powdery mildew: This is a fungal infection that appears on the leaves of the plant, causing them to turn white and powdery. Regularly inspect the plant for signs of powdery mildew and remove any infected leaves immediately to prevent it from spreading. You can also use fungicides to control the growth of the fungus.
Anthracnose: This is a fungal disease that causes dark spots to appear on the leaves and stems of the plant. The affected area turns brown, and the leaves eventually fall off. To prevent the spread of the disease, remove and destroy all infected plant parts and treat the plant with a fungicide.
Pests
Spider mites: These tiny insects are difficult to spot, but their presence is indicated by the fine webbing they leave behind. They suck the sap from the leaves of the plant, causing them to discolour and eventually fall off. You can control spider mites by washing the plant with a strong jet of water or using insecticidal soap.
Aphids: These tiny green or black insects gather in clusters on the new shoots of the plant and suck the sap from the leaves, causing them to curl and turn yellow. You can remove aphids by hand or using an insecticidal spray.
Caterpillars: Many types of caterpillars feed on the leaves of the Achillea borealis Bong. ssp. typica Keck. You can control them by removing them by hand or using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) which is a natural insecticide.
By taking preventative measures such as regular inspection and maintaining a clean and healthy environment for the plant, you can minimize the occurrence of diseases and pests on Achillea borealis Bong. ssp. typica Keck.
