Origin
Acer negundo L. var. arizonicum Sarg., commonly known as the boxelder maple or Arizona boxelder, is a deciduous tree species that belongs to the maple family (Aceraceae) and is indigenous to North America. The plant is widespread throughout the western and central United States as well as the southwest region of Canada.
Common Names
The boxelder maple is known by several common names including the ash-leaved maple, boxelder, cut-leaved maple, and Manitoba maple. In the Southwestern United States, it is referred to as the Arizona boxelder.
Uses
The boxelder maple is valued for its wood, which is light and soft and is used for making inexpensive furniture, pallets, crates, and paper pulp. The plant is also grown as a shade tree and is often planted in parks, along streets, and in residential landscapes due to its water tolerance and rapid growth rate. The sap from the boxelder maple is also used to make maple syrup, although it is generally considered inferior in quality to the syrup produced from other maple species.
General Appearance
The boxelder maple is a fast-growing tree that can reach heights of up to 60 feet (18 meters) tall. The tree has a short trunk and a wide, spreading crown that can reach widths of 30-50 feet (9-15 meters). The leaves of the boxelder maple are compound and consist of three to seven leaflets that are 2-5 inches (5-13 cm) long. The leaves are green in summer and turn yellowish-green, orange, or red in the fall. The boxelder maple produces samaras - or winged fruits - that are about 1 inch (2.5 cm) long, and are greenish-yellow in color. The bark of the tree is light gray and smooth when young and develops furrows and ridges with age.
Light requirements
Acer negundo L. var. arizonicum Sarg. is a plant species that thrives in full sun to partial shade. It can grow perfectly well under direct sunlight. However, young plants may require partial shade to shield them from extremely high temperatures or hot afternoon sun.
Temperature requirements
Acer negundo L. var. arizonicum Sarg. is a hardy deciduous tree that can survive in various temperature conditions. It can grow in the USDA zones 2-10 regions, with an average temperature range of -45 to 50°C (-49 to 122°F). However, the plant thrives best in cooler climates where the temperature ranges between 15°C to 25°C (60°F to 77°F).
Soil requirements
The plant species Acer negundo L. var. arizonicum Sarg. prefers moist, well-drained soils. It can survive in various soil types, ranging from sandy soils to clay soils, provided that the soil is well-draining. The plant does not tolerate standing water for an extended period as it can adversely affect the root system and cause root rot diseases. In addition, the plant can tolerate slightly acidic to alkaline soils, with a pH range of 5.0 to 8.0.
Cultivation Methods
Acer negundo L. var. arizonicum Sarg. is a fast-growing deciduous tree that prefers full sunlight but can also tolerate partial shade. It can thrive in various soil types, but it prefers well-draining soil. The plant is tolerant of drought but needs regular watering in the first few years of its growth to establish roots. It is ideal to plant the tree in early spring or late fall when the soil is workable, and temperatures are milder.
Watering Needs
Water this tree regularly to keep its soil moist but not waterlogged. Providing an inch of water per week through rainfall or irrigation is necessary, especially during the first year of growth. Reduce watering as the tree ages and becomes more drought-tolerant. However, during extended periods of dryness, provide supplemental irrigation. Avoid excessive watering as it may lead to root rot and other fungal diseases.
Fertilization
When planting Acer negundo L. var. arizonicum Sarg., mix in organic matter like peat moss, compost, or well-rotted manure for added soil nutrients. During the tree's growth period, provide regular fertilizer applications to improve its health and promote growth. Use a balanced slow-release fertilizer in early spring as new growth appears. Alternatively, use a water-soluble fertilizer every two to three weeks throughout the growing season. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions on application rates for specific fertilizers.
Pruning
Acer negundo L. var. arizonicum Sarg. usually requires little pruning to maintain its structure. However, if pruning is necessary, do it during winter when the tree is dormant. Remove the dead, damaged, or crossing branches, and thin the canopy to allow better air circulation and sunlight penetration. Always use clean and sharp pruning tools to avoid damaging the tree. Avoid over-pruning, which can weaken the tree's structure and stunt its growth.
Propagation of Acer negundo L. var. arizonicum Sarg.
Acer negundo L. var. arizonicum Sarg., commonly known as Arizona box elder, can be propagated using several methods, including seed propagation, cutting propagation, and grafting.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is the most common method of propagating Acer negundo L. var. arizonicum Sarg. It involves collecting the seeds in late summer or early fall when they are fully ripe. The seeds should be stratified for 60-90 days at 36-41°F (2-5°C) to break their dormancy and improve germination rates. After stratification, the seeds can be sown in well-drained soil in a nursery bed or individual containers. Germination usually occurs after 2-6 weeks, depending on the conditions.
Cutting Propagation
Cutting propagation is also a popular method for propagating Acer negundo L. var. arizonicum Sarg. It involves taking 6-8 inch long hardwood cuttings from the previous season's growth and treating them with rooting hormone. The cuttings should be planted in a well-drained soil mix and kept consistently moist. It may take several months for roots to form, but once established, the new plants can be transplanted to a permanent location.
Grafting
Grafting is a more advanced method of propagating Acer negundo L. var. arizonicum Sarg. It involves joining a scion from a desired cultivar onto the rootstock of a related species. This method is commonly used to produce plants with desirable traits, such as disease resistance or specific growth habits. Grafting should only be attempted by experienced gardeners or professionals.
Disease and Pest Management for Acer negundo L. var. arizonicum Sarg.
Acer negundo L. var. arizonicum Sarg., commonly known as Arizona box elder or box elder maple, is a species of tree that is native to North America. It is a popular tree in residential landscapes, but it is susceptible to a number of diseases and pests that can damage its health and appearance if not managed properly.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that can affect box elder maple trees is verticillium wilt. This fungal disease can cause wilting and yellowing of the leaves, as well as stunted growth and twig dieback. To manage verticillium wilt in box elder maple trees, it is important to practice good sanitation by removing infected branches and avoiding the use of contaminated tools. Fungicides may also be used to manage the disease, although they are typically most effective when applied preventatively.
Another common disease that can affect box elder maple trees is canker. Canker is caused by fungal or bacterial infections and can result in sunken, cracked areas on the trunk or branches. To manage canker in box elder maple trees, it is important to maintain good tree health by providing proper nutrition and water, as well as by removing infected branches and avoiding damage to the tree from lawnmowers or other equipment. Fungicides may also be used to manage canker if necessary.
Common Pests
One of the most common pests that can affect box elder maple trees is the boxelder bug. These insects typically feed on the leaves and seeds of the tree and can cause significant damage if left unchecked. To manage boxelder bugs, it is important to limit their access to the tree by sealing cracks and other entry points. Insecticides may also be used to control the population of boxelder bugs if necessary.
Another common pest that can affect box elder maple trees is the cottony maple scale. These insects can cause yellowing and premature leaf drop, as well as unsightly honeydew and sooty mold on the tree. To manage cottony maple scale, it is important to prune and dispose of heavily infested branches and to use targeted insecticides if necessary. Encouraging natural predators, such as lady beetles, can also be an effective method of management.
Overall, disease and pest management for Acer negundo L. var. arizonicum Sarg. requires a combination of good cultural practices, preventative measures, and targeted treatments. By maintaining the health of the tree and quickly addressing any issues that arise, homeowners can enjoy the beauty of this popular landscape tree for many years to come.
