Overview of Acanthospermum humile (Sw.) DC.
Acanthospermum humile (Sw.) DC. is a plant species belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is native to the Americas and can be found in various countries, including Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela.
Common Names
Common names for Acanthospermum humile include Beggarticks, Devil's Needles, Mace and Crown, and Picão Preto.
Appearance
Acanthospermum humile is a herbaceous annual or perennial plant that grows up to 60 cm tall. Its leaves are alternate, lance-shaped, and have serrated margins. The plant produces small yellow flowers with orange centers, which bloom during the summer and fall.
The plant's fruits are small, flat achenes that are covered in sharp spines, giving it its common name "Beggarticks." The spines can easily cling to clothes and animal fur, making the plant an annoyance for hikers and pet owners.
Uses
In traditional medicine, Acanthospermum humile has been used to treat a variety of ailments such as fevers, flu, inflammation, and pain. It is also commonly used as a diuretic by indigenous tribes in South America.
The plant has also been used in folk medicine as a natural insect repellent and pesticide. Additionally, it has been studied for its potential use in treating skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis.
Light requirements
Acanthospermum humile is a plant that requires full sunlight to grow to its full potential. It thrives best in areas with high light intensity and is adapted to open habitats.
Temperature requirements
The plant can adapt to a wide range of temperatures. It can grow in a hot and humid climate as well as a dry and warm environment. However, the optimal temperature for the growth of Acanthospermum humile ranges from 25 to 30 °C.
Soil requirements
Acanthospermum humile grows best in well-drained soils, which are rich in organic matter. It can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including sand, loam, and clay. It grows well in soils with a pH of 6 to 7.5. However, the plant cannot grow in waterlogged or compacted soils.
Cultivation Methods
Acanthospermum humile (Sw.) DC. can be cultivated in a range of soils such as loam, sandy loam, and clay loam. The plant prefers well-drained soil and full exposure to sunlight. It can thrive in areas with a temperature range of 20-35 °C. The plant can be propagated through seeds or stem cuttings. For seeds, it is important to sow them after the last frost of the season. The seeds should be sown 6-8 inches apart at a depth of ¼ inch. The plant should be kept moist until it is established.
Watering Needs
Acanthospermum humile (Sw.) DC. requires moderate watering. The plant should be watered deeply once a week and the topsoil should be allowed to dry between watering. Since the plant prefers well-drained soil, it is important not to overwater the plant as it can lead to root rot.
Fertilization
Acanthospermum humile (Sw.) DC. can benefit from regular fertilization. It is advised to feed the plant with a balanced fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the growing season. The fertilizer should be applied following the instructions on the package. Overfertilization should be avoided as it can cause harm to the plant.
Pruning
Acanthospermum humile (Sw.) DC. does not require regular pruning. However, it can be pruned to maintain a more compact shape and promote bushier growth. Pruning should be done in the early spring before new growth appears. Dead or damaged branches should be removed promptly to maintain the health of the plant.
Propagation of Acanthospermum humile (Sw.) DC.
Acanthospermum humile (Sw.) DC. commonly known as Starbur, is a popular ornamental plant grown for its beautiful and showy flowers. This plant can be propagated by various methods such as seeds, cuttings, and division. The following are some of the popular propagation methods used for growing Acanthospermum humile (Sw.) DC.
Propagation by Seeds
Seeds are the most common and easiest way to propagate Acanthospermum humile (Sw.) DC. Seeds usually germinate within 1-2 weeks when sown in well-draining soil in a warm and sunny location. While collecting the seeds, care should be taken as the fruits of this plant are covered with sharp spines. The seeds should be sown at a depth of 1-2 cm and watered regularly to keep the soil moist. Once the seedlings have reached a height of 10-15 cm, they can be transplanted into a larger container or directly into the garden.
Propagation by Cuttings
Acanthospermum humile (Sw.) DC. is propagated by stem cuttings. Cuttings are usually taken from the healthy and mature stem of the plant. The cuttings should be around 10 cm in length and should be taken from the bottom part of the stem. The cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone and planted in a well-draining soil mix. The cuttings should be watered regularly and kept in a warm and humid place until roots are formed. Once the roots are formed, the cuttings can be repotted or planted directly into the ground.
Propagation by Division
Division is another method of propagating Acanthospermum humile (Sw.) DC. This is usually done when the plant is mature and has grown into a clump. The clump can be carefully dug up and divided into smaller sections using a sharp knife or trowel. Each section should have a healthy and well-developed root system. Each of these smaller sections can be planted in a new location with well-draining soil and regular watering until they become established.
Disease and Pest Management for Acanthospermum Humile Plants
Acanthospermum humile, also known as the dwarf starburr, is a hardy plant species that is generally resistant to many diseases and pests. However, like any other plant, it might be affected by certain diseases and pests that can significantly affect its growth and development if not managed properly.
Common Diseases
The most common diseases that affect Acanthospermum humile plants include:
- Rust disease: This is a fungal disease that causes orange or reddish-brown spots on the leaves of the plant. It can lead to defoliation and weakened plants. To manage rust disease, you can remove the infected plant parts and apply a fungicide to prevent the spread of the disease.
- Leaf spot disease: This is another fungal disease that causes dark spots on the leaves of the plant. It can lead to defoliation and weakened plants. To manage leaf spot disease, you can remove the infected plant parts and apply a fungicide to prevent the spread of the disease.
Pest Management
The most common pests that affect Acanthospermum humile plants include:
- Aphids: These are soft-bodied insects that suck sap from the leaves and stems of the plant. They can cause stunted growth and distorted leaves. To manage aphids, you can physically remove them from the plant or apply insecticidal soap or neem oil to control their population.
- Spider mites: These are small, reddish-brown insects that suck sap from the leaves of the plant, causing yellowing and browning of the leaves. To manage spider mites, you can spray the plant with water to dislodge them or apply a miticide to control their population.
Overall, the key to managing diseases and pests in Acanthospermum humile plants is to identify the problem early and take appropriate action to prevent their spread. Regular monitoring of the plants is also important to detect any issues before they become widespread.
