Overview
Acaena pinnatifida Ruiz & Pavón var. californica (Bitter) Jepson, commonly known as California-bur, is a species of perennial herbaceous plant in the family Rosaceae. It is native to western North America and can be found in various habitats, including woodlands, meadows, and coastal sage scrub.Appearance
The California-bur plant grows up to 40cm high and is characterized by its fern-like leaves that are deeply pinnatifid, meaning they are divided into leaflets that are pointed and toothed. The leaves are an attractive silvery-green color and are covered in fine hairs. The plant produces a small, inconspicuous flower that is greenish-yellow in color.Uses
The California-bur plant has been used in indigenous medicine for various purposes, including as a pain reliever and as a treatment for skin diseases. The leaves and roots of the plant contain compounds that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The plant is also used in landscaping and as a groundcover plant due to its low-growing, creeping habit and attractive foliage. In conclusion, Acaena pinnatifida Ruiz & Pavón var. californica (Bitter) Jepson is a fascinating perennial plant that is native to western North America. Its attractive, fern-like foliage and medicinal properties make it a valuable addition to many gardens and natural habitats.Light Requirements
Acaena pinnatifida var. californica typically grows in full sun to partial shade. However, it tends to thrive in areas with more sun exposure.
Temperature Requirements
This plant is adapted to a Mediterranean climate, so it prefers mild temperatures. It can survive in temperatures as low as 20°F (-6.7°C) and as high as 100°F (38°C). However, it grows best when the temperature is between 60°F (15.6°C) and 75°F (23.9°C).
Soil Requirements
Acaena pinnatifida var. californica grows best in well-draining soils that are sandy or loamy. It can tolerate slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soils with a pH ranging from 6.0 to 7.5. However, it does not tolerate soils that are constantly wet or poorly drained.
Cultivation Methods
Acaena pinnatifida Ruiz & Pavón var. californica (Bitter) Jepson is a perennial groundcover plant that grows well in full sun or partial shade in USDA zones 6 to 10. It prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. Plant it in the early spring or fall and space them 6 to 12 inches apart. This plant spreads through rhizomes, so give it enough space to grow.
Watering Needs
The Acaena pinnatifida var. californica needs regular watering to establish a deep root system. Water it once or twice a week, depending on the weather conditions. Water deeply and avoid frequent shallow watering, as it encourages shallow root growth. Once it's established, it can tolerate periods of drought, but it may cause browning of the foliage.
Fertilization
Fertilization is not mandatory, but it can improve the growth and vitality of the Acaena pinnatifida var. californica. Apply an all-purpose, slow-release fertilizer in the early spring as new growth emerges. Follow the package instructions for dosage and application methods. Avoid over-fertilizing as it can burn the roots and foliage, and always water the plant after fertilization.
Pruning
The Acaena pinnatifida var. californica does not require frequent pruning but may benefit from an annual grooming in the fall to tidy up its appearance. Use garden shears to trim the spent flowers and remove dead or damaged foliage down to the base. You can also shear the plant to maintain a uniform shape. However, avoid pruning aggressively as it can harm the plant's growth and health.
Propagation of Acaena pinnatifida Ruiz & Pavón var. californica (Bitter) Jepson
Acaena pinnatifida Ruiz & Pavón var. californica (Bitter) Jepson, commonly known as the serrate acaena, is a tough perennial herbaceous plant that is native to the coastal ranges of California, U.S.A. The plant produces small, spherical bur-like fruits that easily cling onto clothing, pets, and other objects. For home gardeners, propagation of this plant can be done through three methods:
Seed Propagation
The most common method of propagating Acaena pinnatifida is through seeds. As the plant produces many seeds, it can quickly colonize large areas. Collect the seeds after the plant has fully bloomed and the seed head has turned brown. The seeds can be sown outdoors in the fall or winter. Mix the seeds with sand to facilitate even distribution. Cover the seeds with a light layer of soil. The seeds will germinate in late winter or early spring. Thin the seedlings after germination, leaving only the strongest to grow to maturity.
Division Propagation
Propagation through division is another excellent way to produce new plants of Acaena pinnatifida. Dividing the mature plant every three to five years maintains the plant's vigor and controls its size. Dig up the plant when it is dormant, usually in the late fall or early spring. Carefully divide the roots and lift out individual sections, ensuring each division has adequate roots and leaves. Replant in a well-drained soil mix, water thoroughly, and provide a shaded area for the plant to recover.
Cuttings Propagation
Propagation through cuttings is possible, although it is not as reliable as seed or division propagation. Cuttings should be taken in late spring or early summer from new growth. Cut the stem approximately four inches long and remove the lower leaves. Dip the cut ends in root hormone powder, followed by placing in the potting mix. Ensure the soil is well-drained and water lightly. Provide a shaded area and mist the cuttings regularly. Rooting will occur in roughly four to six weeks.
Disease Management
Acaena pinnatifida var. californica is a relatively hardy plant species, but it is still susceptible to certain diseases. Keeping an eye out for the following diseases and promptly treating them can help maintain the health of your Acaena plants:
- Crown Rot - Crown rot is caused by soil-borne fungi and is characterized by the darkening and rotting of the plant's crown. To prevent this, avoid overwatering the plant as well as poor drainage. Remove affected plants and avoid planting in the same soil again.
- Powdery Mildew - Powdery mildew appears as a white powder-like substance on the leaves, stems, and flowers of plants. This disease thrives in high humidity with moderate temperatures. To control powdery mildew, remove and destroy affected plant parts and consider applying fungicides like neem oil or potassium bicarbonate.
- Root Rot - Root rot is caused by soil-borne fungi and bacteria and is characterized by the rotting of the roots and the eventual death of the plant. To prevent this, avoid overwatering the plant, provide proper drainage, and remove any dead or dying plant parts as soon as possible.
Pest Management
Acaena pinnatifida var. californica is relatively pest resistant but can be affected by a few common pests. Keeping an eye out for the following pests can help keep your plants healthy:
- Leaf Miners - Leaf miners are pests that burrow into the plant's leaves and feeds on the tissue within. To control leaf miners, remove and destroy affected plant parts or use sticky traps to catch the adult flies that lay eggs.
- Slugs and Snails - Slugs and snails like to feed on the tender leaves and stems of plants, leaving behind large holes and slime trails. To control these pests, use physical barriers like copper tape or diatomaceous earth, hand pick and remove the pests, or use baits like beer traps.
