Overview
Abutilon Indicum auct. var. Microphyllum Hochr. is a shrub that belongs to the mallow family. This plant is known for its medicinal properties and has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. It is found in various parts of the world and has different common names.Origin
Abutilon Indicum auct. var. Microphyllum Hochr. originated in tropical Asia and can now be found throughout the tropics of the world, including Africa, India, and the Americas. The plant prefers to grow in humid areas with plenty of sunshine.Common Names
Abutilon Indicum auct. var. Microphyllum Hochr. is known by various common names, including Dwarf Indian Mallow, Indian Abutilon, and Country-Mallow.Appearance
The plant Abutilon Indicum auct. var. Microphyllum Hochr. grows up to 1.5 meters in height. It has pale green leaves that are small and alternate in size. The flowers of this plant are usually yellow, though certain cultivars may also bear pink or white flowers. The fruit of the plant is a capsule that splits into multiple segments, each containing many small seeds.Uses
The plant has several uses, including medicinal and ornamental purposes. In traditional medicine, it is used to treat a range of conditions, including fever, coughs, and urinary infections. The leaves and shoots are also used as a poultice for treating burns and skin infections. The plant is also popular in ornamental gardens due to its attractive flowers and foliage. Additionally, the plant is used as food, and the young leaves and shoots are consumed as a vegetable in some parts of the world.Light Requirements
Abutilon indicum auct. var. microphyllum Hochr. prefers bright, indirect sunlight and can tolerate partial shade. It should not be exposed to direct sunlight for extended periods as it can lead to leaf scorching.
Temperature Requirements
This plant thrives in warm temperatures ranging from 65-85°F (18-29°C). It cannot tolerate temperatures below 55°F (13°C) and should be protected from cold drafts.
Soil Requirements
The Abutilon indicum auct. var. microphyllum Hochr. grows best in well-draining soil. A mixture of peat moss, sand, and loam soil is recommended for optimum growth. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged, and should be allowed to dry slightly between watering.
Cultivation Methods
Abutilon indicum auct. var. microphyllum Hochr. is a tropical plant that requires warm temperatures to thrive. It can be grown outdoors in areas with a warm climate, or indoors in cooler areas. When planting this plant, choose a location with well-draining soil and partial shade. It is also important to provide support for the plant, as it can grow quite tall.
Watering Needs
Abutilon indicum auct. var. microphyllum Hochr. requires regular watering to keep the soil moist, but not waterlogged. It is important to allow the top inch of soil to dry out before watering again. Overwatering can lead to root rot, which can be fatal to the plant. During the winter months, reduce watering to prevent the plant from becoming waterlogged.
Fertilization
Abutilon indicum auct. var. microphyllum Hochr. benefits from regular fertilization during the growing season, usually from spring to summer. Use a balanced liquid fertilizer once a month to promote healthy growth and flowering. Reduce fertilization during the winter months, as the plant is not actively growing.
Pruning
Abutilon indicum auct. var. microphyllum Hochr. can be pruned to shape and control its size. Pruning should be done in the spring before new growth appears. Remove any damaged or diseased branches, and shape the plant as desired. Deadheading spent flowers can also promote new growth and flowering. Avoid pruning during the winter months, as this can damage the plant.
Propagation of Abutilon indicum auct. var. microphyllum Hochr.
Abutilon indicum auct. var. microphyllum Hochr., commonly known as dwarf Indian mallow, can be propagated through various ways which includes:
Seeds
Propagation through seeds is the most common and easiest method of propagation for Abutilon indicum auct. var. microphyllum Hochr. Seeds must be collected from mature plants in autumn when the seed pods have dried and turned brown. After collecting the seeds, clean and store them in a dry and cool place. To improve the chances of germination, the seeds must be soaked in water for 24 hours and then sowed in a well-draining soil mix. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and keep them moist. Germination will occur in 2 to 4 weeks and the seedlings can be transplanted to individual containers once they have developed their true leaves.
Cuttings
Propagation through cuttings can be done in the spring or summer by taking 4 to 6 inches long cuttings from healthy and mature plants. The cuttings must be taken from softwood or semi-hardwood, which means they must not be too soft or too woody. Dip the cuttings in rooting hormones and insert them into a well-draining soil mix or a mixture of peat moss and perlite. Cover the cuttings with a plastic sheet to maintain humidity and place them in a warm and bright spot. Regularly water the cuttings to keep the soil moist and remove the plastic cover once the cuttings have rooted.
Division
Propagation through division is also another method for Abutilon indicum auct. var. microphyllum Hochr. This method is best done in spring when the plant is actively growing. Dig up the mature plant and divide it into smaller sections, ensuring each section has roots and shoots. Transplant each section into individual containers or outdoor spots with well-draining soil. Water regularly and keep the soil moist until the plant has established itself.
Disease Management
Abutilon indicum var. microphyllum is relatively resistant to diseases, but several fungal infections can affect the plant. The most common diseases that affect this plant are root rot, powdery mildew, and leaf spot disease.
Root Rot: Root rot is caused by the fungus Phytophthora nicotianae and often results in wilting, yellowing, and eventual death of the plant. To manage root rot, avoid overwatering and ensure the plant is growing in well-draining soil. Affected plants should be removed and destroyed to prevent the spread of the fungus.
Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that appears as a white, powdery coating on the leaves and stems. It can be controlled by spraying the plant with a solution of 1 tablespoon of baking soda and 1/2 teaspoon of liquid soap mixed into 1 quart of water. Fungicides may also be effective in stopping the spread of the disease.
Leaf Spot Disease: Leaf spot disease is typically caused by the fungus Cercospora abutilonea and appears as circular, brown spots on the leaves. To manage this disease, remove and destroy affected leaves, avoid overhead watering, and apply a fungicide to prevent further infection.
Pest Management
Several pests can also affect Abutilon indicum var. microphyllum. The most common pests are aphids, mealybugs, and spider mites.
Aphids: Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that can be yellow, green, or black in color. They feed on the sap of the plant and can cause stunted growth and distorted leaves. To manage aphids, spray the plant with a solution of 1 teaspoon of dish soap and 1 quart of water to suffocate the insects.
Mealybugs: Mealybugs are small, white, cottony insects that feed on the sap of the plant and can cause stunted growth and distorted leaves. To manage mealybugs, spray the plant with a solution of 1 tablespoon of alcohol and 1/2 teaspoon of liquid soap mixed into 1 quart of water. Alternatively, dabbing rubbing alcohol directly onto the pests can be effective.
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny, eight-legged pests that can be difficult to see with the naked eye. They feed on the undersides of the leaves, causing a stippled appearance. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with a solution of 1 tablespoon of baking soda, 1/2 teaspoon of liquid soap, and 1 quart of water. Alternatively, a miticide may be necessary to control a severe infestation.
