Origin and Common Names
Abrus schimperi Hochst. ex Baker subsp. oblongus Verdc. is a plant species that belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is native to East Africa and is commonly known as the Ethiopian pea, wild liquorice, or mouse's eye.
General Appearance
The plant grows up to 3 meters tall and has compound leaves with 4 to 10 leaflets that are rounded at the tip. It blooms from May to June with small purple or pinkish flowers that are about 0.8 to 1.2 cm long. The fruit is a pod that is 2 to 5 cm long, oblong, and bright scarlet when ripe. The seeds are shiny, round, and black with a tiny white spot on one end, resembling a mouse's eye.
Uses
The seeds of Abrus schimperi are commonly used as beads for jewelry due to their attractive appearance. However, the seeds contain a toxic compound known as abrin, and their ingestion can be fatal. Despite their toxicity, the seeds have been used in traditional medicine for their antimicrobial properties and as a purgative to treat constipation.
Growth Conditions for Abrus schimperi Hochst. ex Baker subsp. oblongus Verdc.
Abrus schimperi Hochst. ex Baker subsp. oblongus Verdc., commonly referred to as Abrus, is a perennial plant that grows in the tropical regions of East Africa. To grow successfully, Abrus requires specific environmental conditions.
Light
Abrus requires a significant amount of sunlight to grow properly. It is therefore critical to cultivate the plant within an area that receives direct sunlight for at least 6 hours daily. Inadequate sunlight can cause stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and reduced vigor.
Temperature
Temperature is a crucial factor for the survival and growth of Abrus. The plant has a preference for warm thermal conditions, with optimal daytime temperatures ranging from 25°C to 32°C. Abrus is highly susceptible to frost and extreme heat, and as such, it is recommended to avoid cultivation in areas that have extreme temperature fluctuations.
Soil Requirements
Abrus grows best in well-draining soils with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. The soil must be able to retain moisture, but waterlogging should be avoided as it can cause root decay. Abrus is relatively tolerant to soil salinity but has a preference for sandy loam soils that are rich in organic matter. For optimal growth, it is best to amend the soil with compost or other organic matter before planting.
In conclusion, providing Abrus with adequate sunlight, warm temperatures, and well-drained, nutrient-rich soils is critical to its healthy growth.
Cultivation of Abrus schimperi Hochst. ex Baker subsp. oblongus Verdc.
Abrus schimperi Hochst. ex Baker subsp. oblongus Verdc. is a climbing plant that is commonly grown for ornamental purposes. It is a fast-growing plant that can reach a height of up to 6 meters. The plant grows well in warm and humid climates, with temperatures ranging from 20 to 30 degrees Celsius. It requires well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter.
Watering Needs
Watering is an essential aspect of growing Abrus schimperi Hochst. ex Baker subsp. oblongus Verdc. The plant requires regular watering, especially during the dry season. The frequency of watering depends on the soil type and the weather conditions, but it is recommended to keep the soil moist, but not waterlogged. Overwatering can lead to root rot, which can be fatal to the plant.
Fertilization
Fertilization is also important for the growth of Abrus schimperi Hochst. ex Baker subsp. oblongus Verdc. The plant requires regular feeding with a balanced fertilizer that has equal proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Application of organic fertilizers such as compost or manure can also be done to improve soil fertility.
Pruning
Pruning is essential to maintain the shape and size of Abrus schimperi Hochst. ex Baker subsp. oblongus Verdc. Regular pruning also helps to remove dead or damaged branches and to promote new growth. Pruning should be done during the dormant season when the plant is not actively growing.
Propagation of Abrus schimperi Hochst. ex Baker subsp. oblongus Verdc.
Abrus schimperi Hochst. ex Baker subsp. oblongus Verdc. is propagated by both seeds and stem cuttings.
Propagation by Seeds
Seeds of Abrus schimperi Hochst. ex Baker subsp. oblongus Verdc. can be sown directly in seedbeds or pots. The seeds need to be scarified before sowing to soften their hard seed coats and enhance germination. Scarification can be done by nicking the seed coat or soaking the seeds in hot water. After scarification, the seeds should be soaked in water overnight before sowing. The optimum temperature for germination of Abrus schimperi Hochst. ex Baker subsp. oblongus Verdc. is around 25-30°C.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Abrus schimperi Hochst. ex Baker subsp. oblongus Verdc. can also be propagated by stem cuttings. Stem cuttings of about 10-15 cm in length can be taken from the parent plant. The cuttings should be taken from mature stems that are not actively growing. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cuttings should be treated with rooting hormone before planting. The cuttings can be planted in pots filled with well-drained soil and kept in a warm, humid location until they root. Once the cuttings have rooted, they can be transplanted to their final location.
Disease and Pest Management for Abrus schimperi Hochst. ex Baker subsp. oblongus Verdc.
Abrus schimperi Hochst. ex Baker subsp. oblongus Verdc. is a plant that can be affected by diseases and pests. Here are some common ones and how to manage them:
Diseases
Leaf spot: This disease is caused by the fungus Cercospora abrusicola and can cause circular spots on the leaves. It can be managed by removing and destroying affected leaves and ensuring good air circulation around the plants to prevent the spread of spores. Fungicides can also be used according to labeled recommendations.
Root rot: This disease is caused by the fungi Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani and can cause wilting, yellowing, and death of the plant. It can be managed by ensuring proper drainage and avoiding over-watering. Fungicides can also be used according to labeled recommendations.
Pests
Aphids: These small, soft-bodied insects can damage the leaves and stems of plants by sucking their sap. They can be managed by spraying the plants with a strong stream of water or applying insecticidal soap or neem oil according to labeled recommendations.
Spider mites: These tiny mites can cause yellowing and webbing on the leaves of plants. They can be managed by spraying the plants with a strong stream of water or applying insecticidal soap or neem oil according to labeled recommendations. Insecticides can also be used according to labeled recommendations.
Whiteflies: These small, white insects can damage the leaves of plants by sucking their sap and transmitting diseases. They can be managed by spraying the plants with a strong stream of water or applying insecticidal soap or neem oil according to labeled recommendations. Insecticides can also be used according to labeled recommendations.
Regular monitoring of plants for symptoms of diseases and pests can help prevent severe damage and the need for extensive management practices.
